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Saint Zephyrinus: Difference between revisions
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'''Saint Zephyrinus''' (died 20 December 217) was, according to ancient Christian tradition, the fifteenth bishop of Rome after Saint Peter, serving from approximately 199 to 217 AD, thus the fifteenth pope.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15756c.htm |title=Pope St. Zephyrinus |publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> He appears in the earliest papal catalogues of Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 180), the ''Liber Pontificalis'', and Eusebius of Caesarea, who give him an eighteen-year pontificate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/roman_curia/pontifical_committees/archeology/documents/rc_comm_archeo_02001010_zefirino_en.html |title=Saint Zephyrinus |publisher=Holy See |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> | '''Pope Saint Zephyrinus''' (died 20 December 217) was, according to ancient Christian tradition, the fifteenth bishop of Rome after Saint Peter, serving from approximately 199 to 217 AD, thus the fifteenth pope.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15756c.htm |title=Pope St. Zephyrinus |publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> He appears in the earliest papal catalogues of Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 180), the ''Liber Pontificalis'', and Eusebius of Caesarea, who give him an eighteen-year pontificate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/roman_curia/pontifical_committees/archeology/documents/rc_comm_archeo_02001010_zefirino_en.html |title=Saint Zephyrinus |publisher=Holy See |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> | ||
Historical evidence for Zephyrinus is limited but more substantial than for many earlier popes. The contemporary theologian Hippolytus of Rome, in his ''Refutation of All Heresies'', portrays Zephyrinus as a simple, uneducated man influenced by his deacon Callistus (later pope) and accuses him of weakness against the Monarchian heresy of Noetus and Sabellius, whom he nevertheless condemned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=43 |title=St. Zephyrinus |publisher=Catholic Online |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> The ''Liber Pontificalis'' adds legendary details: that he was Roman by birth, ordained fifteen priests, and was martyred under Antoninus Caracalla and buried in his own cemetery on the Via Appia—elements now regarded as unreliable embellishments. No contemporary source confirms martyrdom, and modern scholarship considers it unlikely during Caracalla’s generally tolerant reign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Zephyrinus |title=Saint Zephyrinus |publisher=Britannica |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> | Historical evidence for Zephyrinus is limited but more substantial than for many earlier popes. The contemporary theologian Hippolytus of Rome, in his ''Refutation of All Heresies'', portrays Zephyrinus as a simple, uneducated man influenced by his deacon Callistus (later pope) and accuses him of weakness against the Monarchian heresy of Noetus and Sabellius, whom he nevertheless condemned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=43 |title=St. Zephyrinus |publisher=Catholic Online |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> The ''Liber Pontificalis'' adds legendary details: that he was Roman by birth, ordained fifteen priests, and was martyred under Antoninus Caracalla and buried in his own cemetery on the Via Appia—elements now regarded as unreliable embellishments. No contemporary source confirms martyrdom, and modern scholarship considers it unlikely during Caracalla’s generally tolerant reign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Zephyrinus |title=Saint Zephyrinus |publisher=Britannica |access-date=2025-11-16}}</ref> | ||