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'''Saint Thomas Becket''', also known as '''Saint Thomas à Becket''' (1119/1120–1170), was the archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his martyrdom, renowned for defending ecclesiastical independence against King Henry II of England, culminating in his murder in Canterbury Cathedral.<ref name="newadvent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14651c.htm|title=St. Thomas Becket|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> Born in Cheapside, London, to Norman merchant Gilbert Becket and Matilda of Caen, historical records from contemporary chroniclers like John of Salisbury confirm his education at Merton Priory and Paris, followed by clerical service under Theobald of Canterbury, rising to archdeacon by 1154.<ref name="wiki">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Beckett|title=Thomas Becket|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> Appointed chancellor in 1155 by Henry II, a close friendship turned to conflict after his 1162 consecration as archbishop, when Becket resigned secular office and excommunicated royal officials for violating church rights, leading to exile in France 1164–1170.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Thomas-Becket|title=Saint Thomas Becket|publisher=Britannica|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> | '''Saint Thomas Becket''', also known as '''Saint Thomas à Becket''' (1119/1120–1170), was the [[archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1162 until his martyrdom, renowned for defending ecclesiastical independence against King Henry II of England, culminating in his murder in [[Canterbury Cathedral]].<ref name="newadvent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14651c.htm|title=St. Thomas Becket|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> Born in Cheapside, [[London]], to Norman merchant Gilbert Becket and Matilda of Caen, historical records from contemporary chroniclers like John of Salisbury confirm his education at Merton Priory and Paris, followed by clerical service under Theobald of Canterbury, rising to [[archdeacon]] by 1154.<ref name="wiki">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Beckett|title=Thomas Becket|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> Appointed chancellor in 1155 by Henry II, a close friendship turned to conflict after his 1162 consecration as archbishop, when Becket resigned secular office and excommunicated royal officials for violating church rights, leading to exile in France 1164–1170.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Thomas-Becket|title=Saint Thomas Becket|publisher=Britannica|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> | ||
Returning in 1170 after compromise, Becket excommunicated key barons, provoking four knights to murder him on December 29 in the cathedral transept, an act Henry later repented; immediate veneration arose with healings at his bloodied altar, canonized February 21, 1173, by Alexander III, with relics translated 1220.<ref name="newadvent" /> Hagiographic traditions, like visions of his soul ascending or the poisoned chalice miracle, derive from 12th-century vitae like Herbert of Bosham's rather than eyewitnesses; patronage of Canterbury and secular clergy reflects his archiepiscopal stand.<ref name="catholic_online">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=237|title=St. Thomas Becket|publisher=Catholic Online|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> As patron of military chaplains and pilgrims, his December 29 feast commemorates ecclesiastical liberty; Canterbury's shrine, destroyed in Reformation, inspires global devotion.<ref name="franciscan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-thomas-becket|title=Saint Thomas Becket|publisher=Franciscan Media|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> | Returning in 1170 after compromise, Becket excommunicated key barons, provoking four knights to murder him on December 29 in the cathedral transept, an act Henry later repented; immediate veneration arose with healings at his bloodied altar, canonized February 21, 1173, by Alexander III, with relics translated 1220.<ref name="newadvent" /> Hagiographic traditions, like visions of his soul ascending or the poisoned chalice miracle, derive from 12th-century vitae like Herbert of Bosham's rather than eyewitnesses; patronage of Canterbury and secular clergy reflects his archiepiscopal stand.<ref name="catholic_online">{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=237|title=St. Thomas Becket|publisher=Catholic Online|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> As patron of military chaplains and pilgrims, his December 29 feast commemorates ecclesiastical liberty; Canterbury's shrine, destroyed in Reformation, inspires global devotion.<ref name="franciscan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-thomas-becket|title=Saint Thomas Becket|publisher=Franciscan Media|access-date=2025-10-20}}</ref> | ||