Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators
11,987
edits
Saint Callistus I: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
|ReviewLevel=0 | |ReviewLevel=0 | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Saint Callistus I''' (died c. 223) was the bishop of Rome from c. 217 to his death in 222 or 223, during the reigns of Roman emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I|title=Pope Callixtus I|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> According to historical accounts from Eusebius and the Liberian Catalogue, he served five years as pope, succeeding Zephyrinus, and is venerated as a martyr, though the circumstances of his death remain debated—possibly during a local uprising in Trastevere rather than formal persecution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Born a slave in Rome to a Christian master, Callistus managed a bank for widows' alms but fled after financial losses, leading to imprisonment in Sardinia's mines; pardoned through imperial intervention, he rose to deacon and overseer of the Christian cemetery on the Appian Way, now the Catacomb of St. Callixtus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-callistus-i-393|title=St. Callistus I|publisher=Catholic News Agency|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> | '''Saint Callistus I''' (died c. 223) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from c. 217 to his death in 222 or 223, during the reigns of Roman emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I|title=Pope Callixtus I|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> According to historical accounts from Eusebius and the Liberian Catalogue, he served five years as pope, succeeding Zephyrinus, and is venerated as a martyr, though the circumstances of his death remain debated—possibly during a local uprising in Trastevere rather than formal persecution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Born a slave in Rome to a Christian master, Callistus managed a bank for widows' alms but fled after financial losses, leading to imprisonment in [[Sardinia]]'s mines; pardoned through imperial intervention, he rose to deacon and overseer of the Christian cemetery on the Appian Way, now the [[Catacomb of St. Callixtus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-callistus-i-393|title=St. Callistus I|publisher=Catholic News Agency|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> | ||
As pope, Callistus emphasized mercy, issuing decrees allowing penance and absolution for grave sins like adultery, drawing opposition from Tertullian and antipope Hippolytus, who accused him of laxity and heresy in the ''Philosophumena''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Evidence from patristic sources suggests he condemned Monarchianism and Sabellianism while upholding Trinitarian orthodoxy, affirming the Church's authority to bind and loose sins based on Matthew 16:19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I|title=Pope Callixtus I|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Hagiographic tradition holds he built an oratory in Trastevere, origin of Santa Maria in Trastevere, but this cannot be confirmed beyond the ''Historia Augusta'' anecdote of imperial favor over tavern-keepers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Venerated since the 4th century per the ''Depositio Martyrum'', his relics were translated to Santa Maria in Trastevere in the 9th century. | As pope, Callistus emphasized mercy, issuing decrees allowing penance and absolution for grave sins like adultery, drawing opposition from Tertullian and antipope Hippolytus, who accused him of laxity and heresy in the ''Philosophumena''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Evidence from patristic sources suggests he condemned Monarchianism and Sabellianism while upholding Trinitarian orthodoxy, affirming the Church's authority to bind and loose sins based on Matthew 16:19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I|title=Pope Callixtus I|publisher=Wikipedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Hagiographic tradition holds he built an oratory in Trastevere, origin of Santa Maria in Trastevere, but this cannot be confirmed beyond the ''Historia Augusta'' anecdote of imperial favor over tavern-keepers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm|title=Pope Callistus I|publisher=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Venerated since the 4th century per the ''Depositio Martyrum'', his relics were translated to Santa Maria in Trastevere in the 9th century. | ||