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'''Saint John Henry Newman''' was a 19th-century [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Saints|saint]], theologian, and convert from [[Anglicanism]], renowned for his contributions to theology, education, and the [[Oxford Movement]]. Born on February 21, 1801, in [[London]], [[England]], he began his career as an Anglican priest and scholar at [[Oxford]], where he became a leading figure in the [[Diocese of Oxford]]. His conversion to [[Catholicism]] in 1845, influenced by his studies of the early Church Fathers, marked a pivotal moment, leading him to establish the Birmingham Oratory and contribute to the revival of [[Roman Rite]] Catholicism in [[England]]. Canonized by [[Pope Francis]] in 2019, Newman is celebrated for his intellectual rigor and spiritual depth. | |||
Newman’s writings, including *Apologia Pro Vita Sua* and *The Idea of a University*, shaped modern Catholic thought and education, influencing [[Parish|parishes]] and [[Seminary|seminaries]] worldwide. His work in the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]] and his role as a [[Cardinal]] elevated his legacy as a bridge between Anglican and Catholic traditions. His feast day, October 9, is observed in the [[Roman Rite]], and he is a patron of theologians, scholars, and the [[Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham]]. His primary shrine is at the Birmingham Oratory in [[Birmingham]], [[England]]. | |||
{{Saints | {{Saints | ||
|SaintName=Saint | |SaintName=Saint John Henry Newman | ||
|SaintStage=Saint | |SaintStage=Saint | ||
|SaintBirthDate= | |SaintBirthDate=February 21, 1801 | ||
|SaintBirthPlace= | |SaintBirthPlace=London, England | ||
|SaintBirthCoordinates= | |SaintBirthCoordinates=51.5074, -0.1278 | ||
|SaintDeathDate=August | |SaintDeathDate=August 11, 1890 | ||
|DeathPlace= | |DeathPlace=Birmingham, England | ||
|SaintDeathCoordinates= | |SaintDeathCoordinates=52.4862, -1.8981 | ||
|SaintCauseOfDeath=Natural causes ( | |SaintCauseOfDeath=Natural causes (pneumonia) | ||
|NotableAddress1= | |NotableAddress1=Oxford, England | ||
|NotableCoordinates1= | |NotableCoordinates1=51.7520, -1.2577 | ||
|NotableAddress2= | |NotableAddress2=Birmingham Oratory, Birmingham, England | ||
|NotableCoordinates2= | |NotableCoordinates2=52.4653, -1.9219 | ||
|NotableAddress3= | |NotableAddress3=Littlemore, England | ||
|NotableCoordinates3= | |NotableCoordinates3=51.7201, -1.2243 | ||
|NotableAddress4= | |NotableAddress4= | ||
|NotableCoordinates4= | |NotableCoordinates4= | ||
|NotableAddress5= | |NotableAddress5= | ||
|NotableCoordinates5= | |NotableCoordinates5= | ||
|BeatificationDate= | |BeatificationDate=September 19, 2010 | ||
|Beatifier=Pope | |Beatifier=Pope Benedict XVI | ||
|BeatificationLocation= | |BeatificationLocation=Birmingham, England | ||
|Canonized=Yes | |Canonized=Yes | ||
|CanonizationDate= | |CanonizationDate=October 13, 2019 | ||
|Canonizer=Pope | |Canonizer=Pope Francis | ||
|CanonizationLocation=St. Peter’s | |CanonizationLocation=St. Peter’s Square, Vatican City | ||
|SaintMiracle1=Healing of a | |SaintMiracle1=Healing of Jack Sullivan from a spinal condition in 2001 | ||
|SaintMiracle2= | |SaintMiracle2=Healing of a pregnant woman’s life-threatening condition in 2013 | ||
|SaintMiracle3=None recorded | |SaintMiracle3=None recorded | ||
|FeastDay= | |FeastDay=October 9 | ||
|Profession= | |Profession=Theologian, priest, scholar | ||
|ReligiousAffiliation= | |ReligiousAffiliation=Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri | ||
|Patronage= | |Patronage=Theologians, scholars, Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham | ||
|Attributes= | |Attributes=Cardinal’s robes, books, Oratorian habit | ||
|PrimaryShrine= | |PrimaryShrine=Birmingham Oratory, Birmingham, England | ||
|AdditionalVeneration= | |AdditionalVeneration=Anglican Communion | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
===Birth=== | ===Birth=== | ||
Saint | Saint John Henry Newman was born on February 21, 1801, in [[London]], [[England]], to a middle-class Anglican family.<ref name="catholic">{{Cite web |title=St. John Henry Newman |url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=677 |website=Catholic Online |access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> His father, John Newman, was a banker, and his mother, Jemima, instilled a strong religious foundation. Raised in the [[Diocese of London]], Newman’s early environment in the bustling [[City]] shaped his intellectual curiosity and spiritual sensitivity. | ||
The family’s home in Bloomsbury provided a stable setting, though financial struggles later emerged. Newman’s early exposure to the [[Church of England]] and its [[Parish|parishes]] fostered a deep faith, which he later explored through evangelical and high church influences.<ref name="catholicsaints">{{Cite web |title=Saint John Henry Newman |url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-john-henry-newman/ |website=CatholicSaints.Info |access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> | |||
===Early Life=== | ===Early Life=== | ||
Newman’s early life was marked by academic brilliance and spiritual growth. He entered Trinity College, [[Oxford]], at age 16, excelling in classics and theology.<ref name="mycatholic">{{Cite web |title=Saint John Henry Newman |url=https://mycatholic.life/saints/saints-of-the-liturgical-year/october-9-saint-john-henry-newman/ |website=My Catholic Life |access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> Ordained an Anglican priest in 1825, he served as vicar of St. Mary’s, the university church, in the [[Diocese of Oxford]]. His leadership in the [[Oxford Movement]], advocating for a return to Catholic traditions within [[Anglicanism]], gained him prominence. | |||
His studies of the Church Fathers and early Christian doctrine led to increasing doubts about Anglicanism’s claims. By 1843, he resigned from St. Mary’s and retreated to [[Littlemore]], where he lived a semi-monastic life, preparing for his conversion to [[Catholicism]] in 1845, received by the [[Archdiocese of Westminster]].<ref name="newadvent">{{Cite web |title=John Henry Newman |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10794a.htm |website=New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia |access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> | |||
===Occupation=== | ===Occupation=== | ||
Before and after his conversion, Newman was a theologian, scholar, and priest. As an Anglican, he lectured at [[Oxford]], shaping theological discourse through sermons and tracts for the [[Oxford Movement]].<ref name="catholic"/> After becoming Catholic, he founded the Birmingham Oratory in 1848, a community of the [[Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri]], and served as its superior. | |||
He also established the Catholic University of Ireland (now University College Dublin) in 1854, articulating his vision for education in *The Idea of a University*. His writings and preaching in the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]] made him a leading Catholic intellectual, influencing [[Seminary|seminaries]] and Catholic education globally.<ref name="mycatholic"/> | |||
===Vocation=== | ===Vocation=== | ||
Newman’s vocation evolved from Anglican priest to Catholic [[Cardinal]], centered on his commitment to theological truth and pastoral care. After his 1845 conversion, he was ordained a Catholic priest in 1847 and embraced the [[Religious order|Oratorian]] life, founding the Birmingham Oratory.<ref name="catholicsaints"/> His work focused on defending Catholic doctrine, notably through *Apologia Pro Vita Sua* (1864), which explained his conversion. | |||
His role as a [[Cardinal]], conferred by [[Pope Leo XIII]] in 1879, and his contributions to the [[Roman Rite]] revival in [[England]] solidified his influence. Newman’s intellectual and spiritual leadership inspired the establishment of [[Parish|parishes]] and strengthened Catholic identity in the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]].<ref name="newadvent"/> | |||
===Death=== | ===Death=== | ||
Saint | Saint John Henry Newman met his end on August 11, 1890, in [[Birmingham]], [[England]], dying of pneumonia at age 89.<ref name="catholic"/> He passed away at the Birmingham Oratory, surrounded by his Oratorian brothers, after a life of prolific writing and service. His death was mourned across [[England]] and beyond, with tributes from both Catholic and Anglican communities. | ||
His relics, though limited due to his body’s decomposition, are venerated at the Birmingham Oratory, a major pilgrimage site in the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]]. His funeral drew thousands, reflecting his impact on the [[Roman Rite]] and his role as a bridge between denominations.<ref name="catholicnews">{{Cite web |title=St. John Henry Newman |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-john-henry-newman-678 |website=Catholic News Agency |access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> | |||
==Significant events== | ==Significant events== | ||
* | * Ordained an Anglican priest in 1825, becoming vicar of St. Mary’s, [[Oxford]]. | ||
* | * Led the [[Oxford Movement]], publishing *Tracts for the Times* (1833–1841). | ||
* | * Converted to [[Catholicism]] and was received into the Church in 1845. | ||
* | * Founded the Birmingham Oratory in 1848. | ||
* Created a [[Cardinal]] by [[Pope Leo XIII]] in 1879. | |||
* Canonized by [[Pope Francis]] in 2019. | |||
==Parishes== | ==Parishes== | ||
{{Saint parish map|Where=Saint | {{Saint parish map|Where=Saint John Henry Newman|zoom=7|Saint=Saint John Henry Newman}} | ||
==Canonization== | ==Canonization== | ||
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===Servant of God=== | ===Servant of God=== | ||
The process to recognize | The process to recognize Newman as a [[Servant of God]] began in 1958, initiated by the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]]. The investigation, led by the diocese, examined his life, writings, and virtues, collecting testimonies from scholars and devotees.<ref name="catholicsaints"/> | ||
===Venerable=== | ===Venerable=== | ||
Newman was declared [[Venerable]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] on January 22, 1991, after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints affirmed his heroic virtue, based on his theological contributions and holy life.<ref name="catholic"/> | |||
===Beatification=== | ===Beatification=== | ||
Newman was beatified on September 19, 2010, by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in [[Birmingham]], [[England]], following the confirmation of a miracle: the healing of Jack Sullivan, a deacon from Massachusetts, from a severe spinal condition in 2001.<ref name="catholicnews"/> This miracle allowed his veneration in the [[Archdiocese of Birmingham]] and among the [[Oratorians]]. | |||
===Canonization=== | ===Canonization=== | ||
He was canonized on October 13, 2019, by [[Pope Francis]] in [[St. Peter’s Square]], [[Vatican City]], after a second miracle: the healing of a pregnant woman in the United States from a life-threatening condition in 2013.<ref name="mycatholic"/> His canonization extended his veneration to the universal [[Roman Catholic Church]], with a feast day on October 9. | |||
==Miracles== | ==Miracles== | ||
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===Miracle for beatification=== | ===Miracle for beatification=== | ||
The miracle for | The miracle for Newman’s beatification involved Jack Sullivan, a deacon from Massachusetts, who suffered from a debilitating spinal condition in 2001. Facing paralysis, Sullivan prayed for Newman’s intercession, and his condition inexplicably resolved, allowing him to walk without pain. The healing was investigated by the [[Archdiocese of Boston]] and authenticated by the Vatican in 2009 as instantaneous, complete, and lasting.<ref name="catholic"/> | ||
The | Medical experts could not explain Sullivan’s recovery, which occurred after intense prayer and without surgical intervention. The miracle, widely publicized, underscored Newman’s intercessory power and advanced his beatification, resonating with devotees in the [[Roman Rite]].<ref name="catholicsaints"/> | ||
===Miracle for canonization=== | ===Miracle for canonization=== | ||
The second miracle involved a | The second miracle involved a pregnant woman in the United States who faced a life-threatening condition in 2013, endangering her life and her unborn child. After praying to Newman, she experienced a sudden recovery, delivering a healthy baby. The Vatican verified this miracle in 2018, confirming its inexplicable nature through medical and theological scrutiny.<ref name="mycatholic"/> | ||
This | This healing, investigated by the [[Archdiocese of Chicago]], highlighted Newman’s universal appeal and intercessory role. The miracle’s approval solidified his path to canonization, affirming his influence in the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref name="catholicnews"/> | ||
===Other notable miracles=== | ===Other notable miracles=== | ||
* | * Numerous unverified healings and spiritual conversions attributed to Newman’s intercession, particularly among scholars and converts.<ref name="catholic"/> | ||
* | * Reports of answered prayers for clarity in theological studies, credited to Newman’s patronage.<ref name="catholicsaints"/> | ||
==Patronage== | ==Patronage== | ||
Saint | Saint John Henry Newman is the patron saint of theologians, scholars, and the [[Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham]].<ref name="catholic"/> | ||
==Feast day== | ==Feast day== | ||
His feast day is celebrated on October 9 in the [[Roman Rite]], commemorating his conversion and contributions to the Church.<ref name="mycatholic"/> | |||
==Veneration== | ==Veneration== | ||
Saint | Saint John Henry Newman is venerated through Masses, novenas, and pilgrimages to the Birmingham Oratory in [[Birmingham]], [[England]], where his relics, including personal items, are preserved.<ref name="catholicsaints"/> He is depicted in art wearing cardinal’s robes or an Oratorian habit, often with books symbolizing his scholarship. Works like *Apologia Pro Vita Sua* and biographies by Ian Ker inspire devotion.<ref name="ker">{{Cite book |title=John Henry Newman: A Biography |last=Ker |first=Ian |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0192802903}}</ref> His shrine attracts pilgrims seeking guidance in faith and academia, influencing Catholic and Anglican communities. | ||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
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===Written about the saint=== | ===Written about the saint=== | ||
* [https://www.amazon.com/ | * [https://www.amazon.com/John-Henry-Newman-Biography-Ian/dp/0192802909 John Henry Newman: A Biography by Ian Ker] | ||
* [https://www.amazon.com/ | * [https://www.amazon.com/Newman-His-Life-Frank-Turner/dp/0300110324 Newman and His Life by Frank Turner] | ||
===Written by the saint=== | ===Written by the saint=== | ||
* | * [https://www.amazon.com/Apologia-Pro-Vita-Sua-Classics/dp/0140433740 Apologia Pro Vita Sua by John Henry Newman] | ||
* [https://www.amazon.com/Idea-University-John-Henry-Newman/dp/0300064055 The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://catholicsaints.info/saint- | * [https://catholicsaints.info/saint-john-henry-newman/ Saint John Henry Newman - CatholicSaints.Info] | ||
* [https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id= | * [https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=677 St. John Henry Newman - Catholic Online] | ||
* [https:// | * [https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-john-henry-newman-678 St. John Henry Newman - Catholic News Agency] | ||
* [https://www.newman-canonisation.com/ Official Canonisation Site for John Henry Newman] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||