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(Created page with "{{Saints |SaintName=Saint Timothy |SaintStage=Saint |SaintBirthDate=AD 17 |SaintBirthPlace=Lystra, Lycaonia, Roman Empire |SaintBirthCoordinates= |SaintDeathDate=AD 97 |DeathPlace=Ephesus, Asia Minor, Roman Empire |SaintDeathCoordinates= |SaintCauseOfDeath=Martyrdom, stoning |NotableAddress1=Ephesus, Asia Minor |NotableCoordinates1= |NotableAddress2=Lystra, Lycaonia |NotableCoordinates2= |NotableAddress3=Jerusalem, Judea |NotableCoordinates3= |NotableAddress4=Corinth, Ac...") |
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|SaintBirthPlace=Lystra, Lycaonia, Roman Empire | |SaintBirthPlace=Lystra, Lycaonia, Roman Empire | ||
|SaintBirthCoordinates= | |SaintBirthCoordinates= | ||
|SaintDeathDate=AD 97 | |SaintDeathDate=c. AD 97 | ||
|DeathPlace=Ephesus, Asia Minor, Roman Empire | |DeathPlace=Ephesus, Asia Minor, Roman Empire | ||
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|NotableAddress2=Lystra, Lycaonia | |NotableAddress2=Lystra, Lycaonia | ||
|NotableCoordinates2= | |NotableCoordinates2= | ||
|NotableAddress3= | |NotableAddress3=Corinth, Achaea | ||
|NotableCoordinates3= | |NotableCoordinates3= | ||
|NotableAddress4= | |NotableAddress4=Thessalonica, Macedonia | ||
|NotableCoordinates4= | |NotableCoordinates4= | ||
|NotableAddress5= | |NotableAddress5=Jerusalem, Judea | ||
|NotableCoordinates5= | |NotableCoordinates5= | ||
|BeatificationDate=Unknown | |BeatificationDate=Unknown | ||
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|FeastDay=January 26 | |FeastDay=January 26 | ||
|Profession=Disciple, bishop, missionary | |Profession=Disciple, bishop, missionary | ||
|ReligiousAffiliation=Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican Communion | |ReligiousAffiliation=Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church | ||
|Patronage=Stomach ailments, intestinal disorders | |Patronage=Stomach ailments, intestinal disorders | ||
|Attributes=Episcopal vestments, scroll, club | |Attributes=Episcopal vestments, scroll, club, pastoral staff | ||
|PrimaryShrine=Cathedral of Termoli, Molise, Italy | |PrimaryShrine=Cathedral of Termoli, Molise, Italy | ||
|AdditionalVeneration=Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church | |AdditionalVeneration=Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Saint Timothy''' (AD 17 – c. AD 97) was an early Christian [[Saints|saint]], disciple, bishop of Ephesus, and missionary, renowned as a trusted companion of [[Saint Paul the Apostle]]. Born in [[Lystra]], Lycaonia (modern Turkey), to a Greek Gentile father and a Jewish-Christian mother, Eunice, Timothy was raised in the Christian faith by his mother and grandmother, Lois (2 Timothy 1:5). Converted or mentored by Paul during his first missionary journey (c. AD 46–48), Timothy was circumcised to facilitate Jewish outreach (Acts 16:3) and joined Paul’s second missionary journey (AD 49–52), traveling to Philippi, Thessalonica, Corinth, and Jerusalem. Appointed bishop of [[Ephesus]] around AD 62, he oversaw church governance, combated false teachings, and mentored clergy, as detailed in the First and Second Epistles to Timothy. He was martyred by stoning in Ephesus around AD 97, aged about 80, for protesting a pagan festival honoring Artemis (Diana). Canonized pre-Congregation, his feast day is [[January 26]] in the Roman Catholic Church and [[January 22]] or [[February 23]] in the Eastern Orthodox Church, often celebrated with [[Saint Titus]]. He is the patron saint of stomach ailments and intestinal disorders, linked to Paul’s advice to use wine for his frequent illnesses (1 Timothy 5:23). <ref name="web2">{{cite web |title=Saint Timothy |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Timothy |website=Wikipedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref><ref name="web5">{{cite web |title=St. Timothy |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14726b.htm |website=Catholic Encyclopedia |publisher=New Advent |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> | |||
His relics, initially buried in Ephesus, were translated to Constantinople’s Church of the Holy Apostles in AD 356 and later to the [[Cathedral of Termoli]], Molise, Italy, in AD 1239 following Crusader transfers. The Acts of Timothy (5th century) details his martyrdom, while Paul’s epistles praise his fidelity, gentleness, and pastoral leadership. Timothy’s role in bridging Jewish and Gentile Christianity, alongside figures like [[Saint Titus]] and [[Saint James of Nisibis]], strengthened the early Church. His legacy endures in Christian traditions as a model pastor and missionary. <ref name="web7">{{cite web |title=Saint Timothy |url=https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-timothy |website=Franciscan Media |publisher=Franciscan Media |access-date=2025-05-15 |date=2025-01-26}}</ref><ref name="web10">{{cite web |title=Saint Timothy |url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-timothy/ |website=CatholicSaints.Info |publisher=CatholicSaints.Info |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> | |||
==Biography== | |||
===Birth=== | |||
Saint Timothy was born around AD 17 in [[Lystra]], Lycaonia (modern Turkey), to a Greek pagan father and a Jewish-Christian mother, Eunice. His grandmother, Lois, also a Christian, nurtured his faith, teaching him the Hebrew Scriptures (2 Timothy 3:15). <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web8">{{cite web |title=St. Timothy |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-timothy-98 |website=Catholic News Agency |publisher=Catholic News Agency |access-date=2025-05-15 |date=2025-01-26}}</ref> | |||
===Early Life=== | |||
Raised in Lystra’s mixed Jewish-Gentile community, Timothy was well-versed in Jewish Scriptures and Christian doctrine. He likely met Paul during his first missionary journey (AD 46–48) in Lystra (Acts 14:6–23), becoming his disciple. Already respected by Christians in Lystra and Iconium, Timothy was circumcised by Paul to avoid Jewish objections (Acts 16:3) and joined Paul’s second missionary journey (AD 49–52), visiting Philippi, Thessalonica, and Corinth. <ref name="web5" /><ref name="web12">{{cite web |title=St. Timothy |url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/saints/timothy-1210 |website=EWTN |publisher=Eternal Word Television Network |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> | |||
===Occupation=== | |||
Timothy served as a disciple, bishop, and missionary. As Paul’s envoy, he delivered letters to Thessalonica (1 Thessalonians 3:2) and Corinth (1 Corinthians 4:17) and attended the Council of Jerusalem (AD 49), supporting Gentile inclusion. Appointed bishop of Ephesus around AD 62, he oversaw church organization, combated heresies like Gnosticism (1 Timothy 1:3–7), and ordained clergy. He accompanied Paul to Jerusalem (AD 57) and Rome (AD 60–62), enduring imprisonments (Hebrews 13:23). His leadership in Ephesus paralleled [[Saint Titus]]’s work in Crete. <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web7" /> | |||
===Vocation=== | |||
Timothy’s vocation centered on evangelization, pastoral leadership, and missionary outreach. Described as Paul’s “beloved son” (1 Corinthians 4:17), he was gentle and timid, requiring Paul’s encouragement (2 Timothy 1:6–8). The Pastoral Epistles (1 Timothy, 2 Timothy) outline his duties: maintaining doctrine, ordaining presbyters, and fostering church unity (1 Timothy 4:12–16). His ascetic lifestyle, including fasting, reportedly alleviated chronic stomach ailments, inspiring his patronage. His missionary efforts, including safe travels despite persecutions, supported the spread of Gentile Christianity, aligning with Titus’s and [[Saint James of Nisibis]]’s missions. <ref name="web10" /><ref name="web15">{{cite web |title=St. Timothy |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/saints/01/26/st--timothy.html |website=Vatican News |publisher=Vatican News |access-date=2025-05-15 |date=2025-01-26}}</ref> | |||
===Death=== | |||
Timothy was martyred around AD 97 in [[Ephesus]], stoned by a pagan mob during a riot sparked by his opposition to a festival honoring Artemis (Diana). The Acts of Timothy recounts his death at age 80, with burial in Ephesus. His relics were moved to Constantinople in AD 356 and to the [[Cathedral of Termoli]], Italy, in AD 1239. <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web8" /> | |||
==Significant events== | |||
Converted by Paul in Lystra, c. AD 46–48. | |||
Circumcised by Paul, c. AD 49. | |||
Attended Council of Jerusalem, AD 49. | |||
Joined Paul’s second missionary journey, AD 49–52. | |||
Appointed bishop of Ephesus, c. AD 62. | |||
Imprisoned in Rome with Paul, c. AD 62–64. | |||
Martyred in Ephesus, c. AD 97. | |||
Relics translated to Constantinople, AD 356. | |||
Relics moved to Termoli, Italy, AD 1239. <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web5" /> | |||
==Parishes== | ==Parishes== | ||
{{Saint parish map|Where=Saint Timothy|zoom=7|Saint=Saint Timothy}} | {{Saint parish map|Where=Saint Timothy|zoom=7|Saint=Saint Timothy}} | ||
==Canonization== | ==Canonization== | ||
===Servant of God=== | ===Servant of God=== | ||
Timothy’s recognition as a Servant of God began | Timothy’s recognition as a Servant of God began soon after his martyrdom, with early veneration in Ephesus evidenced by relic devotion and the circulation of the Pastoral Epistles by the 2nd century. The Acts of Timothy (5th century) further solidified his sanctity. <ref name="web5" /><ref name="web8" /> | ||
===Venerable=== | ===Venerable=== | ||
No formal Venerable declaration was recorded, as his sainthood predates modern processes. His cult grew through church dedications in Ephesus.<ref name="web2" /> | No formal Venerable declaration was recorded, as his sainthood predates modern processes. His cult grew through church dedications in Ephesus and Constantinople. <ref name="web2" /> | ||
===Beatification=== | ===Beatification=== | ||
No distinct beatification occurred, as his discipleship under Paul ensured early veneration.<ref name="web10" /> | No distinct beatification occurred, as his martyrdom and discipleship under Paul ensured early veneration. <ref name="web10" /> | ||
===Canonization=== | ===Canonization=== | ||
Timothy was canonized pre-Congregation, with no recorded date or canonizer. His feast is [[January 26]] in the Roman Catholic and | Timothy was canonized pre-Congregation, with no recorded date or canonizer. His feast day is [[January 26]] in the Roman Catholic Church and [[January 22]] or [[February 23]] (with Titus) in the Eastern Orthodox Church. <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web7" /> | ||
==Miracles== | ==Miracles== | ||
No specific miracles are attributed to Timothy, as his canonization rested on his martyrdom and episcopal role. His | No specific miracles are attributed to Timothy, as his canonization rested on his martyrdom and episcopal role. His ascetic diet alleviating stomach ailments and survival through imprisonments (Hebrews 13:23) were considered providential. <ref name="web12" /><ref name="web15" /> | ||
===Miracle for beatification=== | ===Miracle for beatification=== | ||
No miracle was | No miracle was documented, as his veneration predates modern processes. <ref name="web5" /> | ||
===Miracle for canonization=== | ===Miracle for canonization=== | ||
No miracle was required, per early Church norms for disciples.<ref name="web10" /> | No miracle was required, per early Church norms for martyrs and disciples. <ref name="web10" /> | ||
===Other notable miracles=== | |||
Reported healing of stomach ailments through ascetic practices, c. AD 60s. | |||
Safe missionary travels despite persecutions, c. AD 49–62. <ref name="web15" /> | |||
==Patronage== | ==Patronage== | ||
Saint Timothy is patron of stomach ailments and intestinal disorders, linked to Paul’s advice to use wine | Saint Timothy is patron of stomach ailments and intestinal disorders, linked to his recovery from chronic digestive issues through fasting and Paul’s advice to use wine (1 Timothy 5:23). <ref name="web3">{{cite web |title=Saint Timothy |url=https://saintoftheday.com/st-timothy |website=Saint of the Day |publisher=Saint of the Day |access-date=2025-05-15 |date=2022-11-30}}</ref> | ||
==Feast day== | ==Feast day== | ||
His feast day is [[January 26]] in the Roman Catholic and | His feast day is [[January 26]] in the Roman Catholic Church and [[January 22]] or [[February 23]] (with Titus) in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with variations in Anglican and Lutheran traditions, commemorating his martyrdom. <ref name="web2" /><ref name="web15" /> | ||
==Veneration== | |||
Timothy is venerated across Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran traditions. Pilgrimages to the [[Cathedral of Termoli]], Italy, and Ephesus’s archaeological sites honor his relics. His image, often depicted with a scroll, club, or pastoral staff, adorns churches like Saint Timothy’s in Lutz, Florida, and Minnesota. Feast day liturgies feature the Epistles to Timothy, emphasizing pastoral care and fidelity. His role as a bridge between Jewish and Gentile Christians, alongside [[Saint Titus]] and [[Saint James of Nisibis]], underscores his legacy in early Christianity. <ref name="web10" /><ref name="web16">{{cite web |title=Cathedral of Termoli |url=https://www.turismomolise.it/en/luogo/cattedrale-di-termoli/ |website=Turismo Molise |publisher=Turismo Molise |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> | |||
==Books== | |||
===Written about the saint=== | |||
[https://www.amazon.com/Lives-Saints-Vol-VI/dp/B0006C7Z8H Lives of the Saints, Vol. VI by Alban Butler]<ref name="web5" /> | |||
[https://www.amazon.com/Pastoral-Epistles-Timothy-Titus-Philemon/dp/0814658148 The Pastoral Epistles: First Timothy, Second Timothy, Titus by Benjamin Fiore]<ref name="web2" /> | |||
= | [https://www.amazon.com/Paul-His-Story-Jerome-Murphy-OConnor/dp/0199266530 Paul: His Story by Jerome Murphy-O’Connor]<ref name="web2" /> | ||
[https://www.amazon.com/Letters-Paul-Conversation-Biblical-Scholarship/dp/0801040973 The Letters of Paul: Conversations in Context by Calvin J. Roetzel]<ref name="web2" /> | |||
===Written by the saint=== | ===Written by the saint=== | ||
None attributed; the First and Second Epistles to Timothy are authored by [[Saint Paul the Apostle]]. <ref name="web5" /> | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
[https://catholicsaints.info/saint-timothy/ Saint Timothy at CatholicSaints.Info] | |||
[https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3678 St. Timothy at Catholic Online] | |||
[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14726b.htm St. Timothy in the Catholic Encyclopedia] | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Timothy Saint Timothy at Wikipedia] | |||
[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Timothy Saint Timothy at OrthodoxWiki] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||