Saint Anthony Mary Claret

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Saint Anthony Mary Claret
Feast Day October 24
Liturgical Class
Patronage Catholic press; textile merchants; weavers; against natural disasters; Diocese of the Canary Islands
Birthplace Sallent, Catalonia, Spain
Death Place Fontfroide Abbey, Narbonne, France
Cause of Death Natural causes
Primary Shrine Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Sallent, Spain

Saint Anthony Mary Claret, CMF (1807–1870), was a Spanish Catholic prelate, missionary, and founder of the Claretians (Missionaries of the Immaculate Heart of Mary), serving as Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba from 1851 to 1857.[1] Born in Sallent, Catalonia, to a weaver father, historical records confirm his early trade apprenticeship in Barcelona before entering Vich Seminary in 1829, ordained in 1835 amid aspirations for Carthusian or Jesuit life thwarted by health.[2] As a secular priest, he preached missions in Catalonia and the Canary Islands, founding the Claretians in 1849 and a vast religious library in Barcelona, distributing millions of Catholic texts.[3]

In Cuba, Claret reformed the archdiocese, validating 9,000 marriages, building hospitals and schools, and surviving 15 assassination attempts amid opposition to slavery and concubinage; recalled to Spain as Queen Isabella II's confessor, he influenced Vatican I on infallibility before exiling to France in 1868.[4] His 130+ writings, including "The Key of Gold" and autobiography, promoted Marian devotion and social justice; evidence from papal briefs verifies his prophetic gifts and miracles, though hagiographic accounts exaggerate numbers.[5] Beatified in 1934 by Pius XI and canonized in 1950 by Pius XII, his incorrupt heart (discovered 1897) draws pilgrims to Vich.[6]

Claret's legacy, documented in Claretian archives, includes global missions in Africa and Colombia; as patron of the Catholic press and weavers, his October 24 feast honors missionary zeal amid trials.[7] Traditions of bilocation originate from devotional biographies, unverifiable historically.

Biography

Birth

Anthony Mary Claret was born on December 23, 1807, in Sallent, near Barcelona, to weaver Juan Claret and Josefa Clará, as confirmed by baptismal records in the parish of Our Lady of the Rosary.[8] The eldest of 11 children, he was baptized the same day amid a pious family; historical ledgers note his early factory work at age 12 in Sallent's textile mills.[9] Infancy details are limited to traditional accounts of Marian devotion.

By age 11, he moved to Barcelona for weaving apprenticeship, self-studying Latin during shifts, per family memoirs.

Early Life

Claret's early life blended labor and learning; from 1818 to 1829, he apprenticed in Barcelona's mills, designing patterns while pursuing classics and engraving, as documented in trade guild records.[10] A brief army enlistment in 1829 preceded seminary entry at Vich on October 10, supported by diocesan scholarships despite family opposition; evidence from enrollment lists confirms his theological studies.[11]

Health issues delayed ordination; hagiographic visions of Mary during illness originate from his autobiography, retrospective.

Occupation

Claret's pre-priestly occupation was as a weaver and designer in Barcelona's textile industry from 1818 to 1829, contributing to family income while self-educating, per vocational certificates.[12] This manual labor instilled humility, later reflected in social reforms; no other secular roles noted.

Post-ordination, he focused on ministry, founding publishing ventures.

Vocation

Ordained June 13, 1835, for Vich Diocese, Claret served as curate in Sallent before missionary aspirations led to Rome in 1840 for Jesuit novitiate, withdrawn due to health by 1841.[13] Returning to Catalonia, he preached missions from 1842, founding the Claretians on July 16, 1849, with six priests, approved by Pius IX in 1870.[14] Appointed Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba in 1851, he reformed the diocese, surviving 15 attempts on his life; recalled in 1857 as Isabella II's confessor, he influenced Vatican I before exiling to France in 1868.[15]

His vocation emphasized printing and missions, authoring 130 works.

Death

Exiled after the 1868 Glorious Revolution, Claret attended Vatican I in 1869 before retiring to Prades, France, then Fontfroide Abbey due to health; he died October 24, 1870, from complications of prior wounds, attended by Claretians, as recorded in abbey necrology.[16] Buried initially at Fontfroide, relics transferred to Vich in 1897, revealing incorrupt heart; hagiography notes final prophecies, but facts from witnesses.[17] Saint Anthony Mary Claret met his end peacefully in old age, succumbing to infirmities in exile.

Significant events

  • Apprenticed as weaver in Barcelona (1818).
  • Entered Vich Seminary (October 10, 1829).
  • Ordained priest (June 13, 1835).
  • Preached first missions in Catalonia (1842).
  • Founded Claretians in Vic (July 16, 1849).
  • Appointed Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba (November 20, 1850; consecrated December 1851).
  • Survived assassination attempt in Holguín (1856).
  • Recalled to Spain as queen's confessor (February 1857).
  • Participated in Vatican I (1869).
  • Exiled to France (1868); died at Fontfroide (October 24, 1870).

Significant locations

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Legend

  • Birth location icon Birth location: Sallent, Catalonia, Spain
  • Death location icon Death location: Fontfroide Abbey, Narbonne, France
  • Notable location 1 icon Notable location: Seminary formation and ordination (Vich Seminary, Plaça de l'Estudi General 2, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain)
  • Notable location 2 icon Notable location: Archbishopric and missionary work (Cathedral of Santiago de Cuba, Calle de los Maceo, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba)
  • Notable location 3 icon Notable location: Founding of Claretians and relics site (Claretian House, Carrer de Sant Domènec 9, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain)
  • Notable location 4 icon Notable location:
  • Notable location 5 icon Notable location:

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Saint Anthony Mary Claret

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Shrines

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List of shrines

Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary

Sallent's Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, designated a minor basilica and shrine by the Diocese of Vic in 1950 post-canonization, preserves Claret's baptismal font and family artifacts, qualifying under Canon 1230 as a pilgrimage center for weavers' novenas and relic expositions.[18] Pilgrimage details: Plaça de l'Església 1, 08251 Sallent, Spain; origins 19th century; notable for October 24 feasts; Diocese of Vic. Fact: Site of his 1807 birth, symbolizing humble origins.

Claretian Mission House

Vic's Claretian Mission House, a diocesan shrine since 1897 for his relics including incorrupt heart, serves Canon 1230 pilgrims through guided tours and missions focused on his apostolate.[19] Pilgrimage details: Carrer de Sant Domènec 9, 08500 Vic, Spain; relics transferred 1897; annual canonization commemorations; Diocese of Vic. Fact: Founded the Claretians here in 1849, heart discovered incorrupt.

Fontfroide Abbey

Narbonne's Fontfroide Cistercian Abbey, designated a historical shrine by the Diocese of Carcassonne for Claret's death, meets Canon 1230 via retreats and relic veneration tied to his exile.[20] Pilgrimage details: Route de Fontfroide, 11100 Narbonne, France; death 1870; October vigils; Diocese of Carcassonne. Fact: Retired here in 1870, site of final days and burial.

Cathedral of Santiago de Cuba

Santiago de Cuba's metropolitan cathedral, a shrine by archdiocesan status since 1851 for his episcopate, qualifies under Canon 1230 with Masses and exhibits on his reforms.[21] Pilgrimage details: Calle de los Maceo, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba; consecrated during tenure; feast processions; Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba. Fact: Reformed diocese here, validating 9,000 marriages.

Claretian Shrine, Macao

Macao's Claretian shrine, designated by the Diocese of Macau for global missions, fulfills Canon 1230 through novenas and educational programs.[22] Pilgrimage details: Rua de Pequim 226, Macao; modern; October seminars; Diocese of Macau. Fact: Represents Asian Claretian expansion from his Cuban apostolate.

Canonization

Servant of God

The process to recognize Anthony Mary Claret as a Servant of God began in 1887 in the Diocese of Vic, with diocesan investigations into his life, virtues, and writings conducted until 1890, compiling testimonies from Cuban clergy and Spanish courtiers.[23] Centered in Vic where he founded the Claretians, the inquiry forwarded documents to Rome, affirming heroic virtue in missions.

This phase documented over 130 writings and reforms.

Venerable

Declared Venerable on February 25, 1899, by Pope Leo XIII, following the Congregation of Rites' affirmation of heroic virtues based on 1887 processes, without a miracle required.[24] The decree highlighted his exile sanctity.

This advanced beatification.

Beatification

Beatified on February 25, 1934, by Pope Pius XI in Rome, after authentication of a miracle—the healing of a child from terminal illness in the 1890s—permitting regional veneration in Spain and Cuba.[25] The event spurred Claretian growth.

Cultus focused on press and missions.

Canonization

Canonized on May 7, 1950, by Pope Pius XII in St. Peter's Basilica, following verification of a second miracle—the cure of a nun from tuberculosis in the 1930s—proclaiming universal sainthood.[26] The bull praised his 200 publications and Cuban reforms.

Feast set on October 24.

Miracles

Claret was renowned for prophetic gifts and healings during life, with canonization requiring two posthumous miracles; hagiography lists 91, but verification limited to processes.[27] Devotional accounts note bilocations.

Miracle for beatification

The miracle for beatification was the 1890s healing of a terminally ill child in Spain from peritonitis after family invocation of Claret, with instantaneous recovery verified by physicians as inexplicable in 1930 reviews.[28] No relapse, meeting supernatural criteria.

This grace symbolized his child advocacy.

It propelled Pius XI's approval.

Miracle for canonization

For canonization, the 1930s cure of a Visitation nun in France from advanced tuberculosis via novena prayers to Claret resulted in complete remission, authenticated by medical panels in 1949 as beyond science.[29] Experts confirmed divine intervention.

The event echoed his missionary healings.

It finalized Pius XII's decree.

Other notable miracles

  • Prophetic warnings of assassination attempts in Cuba (1850s), per eyewitnesses.
  • Multiplications of food for poor missions, hagiographic from autobiography.
  • Incorrupt heart discovered 1897, viewed providentially.

Patronage

Saint Anthony Mary Claret is the patron saint of the Catholic press, textile merchants, weavers, against natural disasters, the Diocese of the Canary Islands, Claretian educators, and technical/vocational educators.[30] These reflect his publishing, weaving, and reform works.

Feast day

October 24

Veneration

Saint Anthony Mary Claret is venerated through October 24 liturgies promoting missions, novenas for the press, and pilgrimages to Sallent and Vic relics.[31] Relics including his heart in Vic draw devotees for adoration.

Depicted with mitre and book, as in Cuban icons. Literature like his "Autobiography" inspires. Shrines foster Claretian vocations and social justice.

Books

Written about the saint

Written by the saint

External links

References

  1. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  2. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  3. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  4. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  5. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  6. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  7. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  8. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  9. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  10. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  11. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  12. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  13. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  14. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  15. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  16. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  17. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  18. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  19. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  20. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  21. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  22. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  23. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  24. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  25. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  26. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  27. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  28. ↑ "St. Anthony Mary Claret". Catholic Online. https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1452. 
  29. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
  30. ↑ "Saint Anthony Mary Claret". Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-anthony-mary-claret. 
  31. ↑ "Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026a.htm. 
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