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the Vatican and the Basilica of Saint Peter, the Papal States were the temporal domain of the Pope, shaping Catholic identity through devotion to Saint

Christendom. In the Middle Ages, the Church wielded immense spiritual and temporal authority, shaping feudal Europe through popes like Pope Gregory VII, whose

Donation of Pepin (756 AD) birthed the Papal States, blending spiritual and temporal authority until 1870. The Great Schism (1054) separated East and West,

Great. By the 8th century, the Papal States emerged, granting the papacy temporal power over central Italy. The Papal States were annexed by the Kingdom

of Floribeth Mora Díaz, a 50-year-old Costa Rican from a terminal right temporal lobe aneurysm, after touching John Paul II's relic during a novena, verified

with popes like Pope Leo I and Pope Gregory I asserting spiritual and temporal authority. The diocese’s influence grew through the Donation of Pepin (756

unification of Italy (1861), the capture of Rome (1870), ending Papal States’ temporal power, and the Lateran Treaty (1929), establishing Vatican City as a sovereign

part of the Church Penitent, have been forgiven of mortal sin but bear the temporal effects of venial sins or unexpiated mortal sins, which must be purified

sacred and secular powers, famously stating "two swords" for spiritual and temporal authority. Evidence from his 85 surviving letters and treatises suggests

Crusade (1248–1254) and Eighth Crusade (1270) defined his reign, blending temporal and spiritual responsibilities. Saint Louis’ vocation was rooted in his

for Lombard kings and later Holy Roman Emperors, symbolizing the Church’s temporal influence. The Ambrosian Rite, promoted by nearby Milan, shaped Monza’s

my strength”) reflecting his role as divine messenger. No coordinates or temporal details apply, as he is a spiritual entity. Gabriel’s creation aligns with

his name (“God heals”) reflecting his healing mission. No coordinates or temporal details apply, as he is a spiritual entity. Raphael’s creation aligns with