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participation in ecumenical councils and synods. Bishops have historically shaped Church doctrine through councils. The First Council of Nicaea (325) saw

va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html.  "Dei Verbum". https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_

Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), the nineteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, was held in the city of Trento (Trent) in northern

traditions derived from the early Church Fathers and the first seven Ecumenical Councils. From a Catholic perspective, the Eastern Orthodox Church is deeply

rites like the Antiochene Rite thriving in the Byzantine Empire. The Ecumenical Councils, from Nicaea (325) to Trent, defined sacramental theology, with Trent

Empire, with priests preserving Greek and Syriac traditions. The Ecumenical Councils, from Nicaea (325) to Trent (1545–1563), clarified the priesthood’s

Church. He is celebrated for his convening of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (Second Council of Nicaea) in 787, which officially restored the veneration

  "Lumen Gentium". 1964. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html.  "Church

on June 3, 1963; as pope, he convened the Second Vatican Council, the first ecumenical council in nearly a century, aiming to renew the Church's engagement

Gregorian University in 1978 with a dissertation on “The Essence of the Ecumenical Council” under Jean Beyer, SJ. He also trained at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical

later work. His early commitment to orthodoxy was shaped by the First Ecumenical Council’s (325) condemnation of Arianism. Maximinus became Bishop of Trier

mosaic); Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Paul's chains, modern ecumenical hub); and Pantheon (Basilica of St. Mary ad Martyres) (ancient temple

panegyric. Consecrated archbishop of Arles c. 426, he defended orthodoxy at councils, ordaining figures like Hilary. Traditions of visionary calls to monasticism

integration of immigrant Catholics and ecumenical ties with Lutherans. His 2020 appointment to the Vatican’s Council for the Economy and his 2021 apostolic

His leadership in Bathery and contributions to ecumenical initiatives, such as the St. Thomas Ecumenical Federation, earned him recognition. In 2001, Pope

portion was returned to Rome’s Saint Peter’s Basilica as a gesture of ecumenical goodwill, per Vatican and Orthodox records.<ref name= "Saint Gregory of

dialogue and post-conflict healing, as highlighted in X posts praising his ecumenical efforts and moral authority. His 2024 retirement, quoted in a January

patristic citations by Basil and Gregory of Nyssa supports his pivotal ecumenical contributions, positioning him as a model of episcopal perseverance in

pastoral work, combined with his ecumenical interests, led to his appointment as Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity in 2001

family’s faith and Switzerland’s ecumenical challenges shaped his commitment to dialogue. The Second Vatican Council’s (1962–1965) emphasis on ecumenism