2025 Papal Conclave

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The 2025 papal conclave, held on 7 and 8 May 2025 in the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, elected Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost as the successor to Pope Francis, who died on 21 April 2025 at age 88. Prevost, the first American pope, took the name Pope Leo XIV. The conclave, governed by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis (1996) as amended by Pope Benedict XVI’s 2013 motu proprio, Normas nonnullas, involved 133 of 135 eligible cardinal electors, making it the largest in Catholic Church history.[1][2]

Background

Pope Francis died on 21 April 2025 at the Domus Sanctae Marthae in Vatican City, prompting the sede vacante period.[3] Speculation about a potential conclave had emerged earlier in February and March 2025 when Francis was hospitalized for bilateral pneumonia.[1] His death marked the end of a pontificate noted for its international expansion of the College of Cardinals, with 252 members, including over 140 non-European cardinals, at the time of his passing.[1]

The conclave is governed by Universi Dominici Gregis, which mandates that only cardinals under 80 years of age on the day the Holy See becomes vacant (21 April 2025) are eligible to vote.[1] The document sets a nominal limit of 120 electors, but this was exceeded due to Francis's appointments, with the Congregation of Cardinals confirming all 135 eligible electors could participate.[4] A two-thirds supermajority is required to elect the new pope.[5]

Preparations

Following Francis's death, the College of Cardinals began general congregations to organize the papal funeral and conclave logistics.[1] These meetings, held daily except on 26–27 April and 1 and 4 May, addressed issues such as the Church's global needs and the qualities required of the next pope.[1] The Domus Sanctae Marthae was prepared as the electors' residence, with papal staff vacating the premises by 22 April.[6] The Sistine Chapel was secured and closed to visitors to ensure secrecy.[7]

The fifth general congregation on 28 April set the conclave's start date as 7 May, within the 15–20 day window mandated by Normas nonnullas.[1] Cardinals engaged in pratiche (informal discussions) to discern candidates, emphasizing spiritual retreat over political campaigning, as noted by Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David.[1] A dedicated website with biographical information on electors was established to aid discernment.[1]

Participants

Of the 252 cardinals, 135 were eligible to vote, representing 71 countries.[4] Two cardinals, Antonio Cañizares Llovera and John Njue, will not participate due to health issues, reducing the number to 133.[1] Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu, despite being under 80, was excluded following his 2020 resignation of cardinalatial rights due to a financial scandal, a decision confirmed by the Congregation of Cardinals on 30 April 2025.[4] The electors include 5 cardinal bishops, 110 cardinal priests, and 20 cardinal deacons, with 108 appointed by Francis, 22 by Pope Benedict XVI, and 5 by Pope John Paul II.[4]

The conclave is presided over by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the senior cardinal bishop under 80, as both the dean (Giovanni Battista Re) and vice-dean (Leonardo Sandri) are ineligible due to age.[1] The electors' diversity, with only 17 from Italy and significant representation from the Global South, reflects Francis's globalized College of Cardinals.[8]

name diocese home diocese created cardinal by birth name birth date nationality role theology region rite
Adalberto Martínez Flores Archdiocese of Asunción Archdiocese of Asunción Pope Francis Adalberto Martínez Flores 1951-07-08 Paraguay Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Diocese of Huehuetenango Diocese of Huehuetenango Pope Francis Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri 1947-07-16 Guatemalan Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar Diocese of Setúbal Diocese of Porto Pope Francis Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar 1973-12-12 Portuguese Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Anders Arborelius Diocese of Stockholm Diocese of Stockholm Pope Francis Anders Arborelius 1949-09-24 Swedish Diocesan Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Ángel Fernández Artime Diocese of León Pope Francis Ángel Fernández Artime Spanish Curial Progressive Southern Europe Roman Rite
Ángel Sixto Rossi Archdiocese of Córdoba Archdiocese of Córdoba Pope Francis Ángel Sixto Rossi 1958-08-11 Argentina Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Angelo De Donatis Apostolic Penitentiary Diocese of Nardò-Gallipoli Pope Francis Angelo De Donatis 1954-01-04 Italian Curial Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Anthony Poola Archdiocese of Hyderabad Diocese of Kurnool Pope Francis Anthony Poola 1961-11-15 India Diocesan Progressive Asia Roman Rite
Antoine Kambanda Archdiocese of Kigali Archdiocese of Kigali Pope Francis Antoine Kambanda 1958-11-10 Rwandan Diocesan Moderate Africa Roman Rite
António Augusto dos Santos Marto Diocese of Leiria-Fátima Diocese of Vila Real Pope Francis António Augusto dos Santos Marto 1947-05-05 Portuguese Diocesan Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Antonio Cañizares Llovera College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Valencia Pope Benedict XVI Antonio Cañizares Llovera 1945-10-15 Spain Emeritus Conservative Western Europe Roman Rite
Arlindo Gomes Furtado Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde Pope Francis Arlindo Gomes Furtado 1949-10-04 Cape Verdean Diocesan Moderate Africa Roman Rite
Arthur Roche Diocese of Leeds Pope Francis Arthur Roche British Curial Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Augusto Paolo Lojudice Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino Pope Francis Augusto Paolo Lojudice 1964-07-01 Italian Diocesan Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Baldassare Reina Diocese of Rome Archdiocese of Agrigento Pope Francis Baldassare Reina 1970-11-26 Italian Curial Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal Major Archdiocese of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara) Eparchy of Bathery Pope Benedict XVI Isaac Thottunkal 1959-06-15 Indian Diocesan Moderate South Asia Syro-Malankara Rite
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba Pope Francis Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel 1948-07-14 Ethiopian Diocesan Conservative Africa Alexandrian Rite
Blase Joseph Cupich Archdiocese of Chicago Diocese of Omaha Pope Francis Blase Joseph Cupich 1949-03-19 American Diocesan Progressive North America Roman Rite
Carlos Aguiar Retes Archdiocese of Mexico City Diocese of Tepic Pope Francis Carlos Aguiar Retes 1950-01-09 Mexican Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio Archdiocese of Lima Archdiocese of Lima Pope Francis Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio 1950-02-28 Peruvian Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Carlos Osoro Sierra Archdiocese of Madrid (Emeritus) Diocese of Santander Pope Francis Carlos Osoro Sierra 1945-05-16 Spanish Emeritus Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Charles Maung Bo Archdiocese of Yangon Archdiocese of Yangon Pope Francis Charles Maung Bo 1948-10-29 Burman Diocesan Moderate Asia Roman Rite
Chibly Langlois Diocese of Les Cayes Diocese of Les Cayes Pope Francis Chibly Langlois 1958-11-29 Haitian Diocesan Moderate Caribbean Roman Rite
Christoph Schönborn Archdiocese of Vienna Archdiocese of Vienna Pope John Paul II Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Schönborn 1945-01-22 Austria Archbishop Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Claudio Gugerotti Diocese of Verona Pope Francis Claudio Gugerotti Italian Curial Moderate Southern Europe Roman Rite
Cristóbal López Romero Archdiocese of Rabat Archdiocese of Rabat Pope Francis Cristóbal López Romero 1952-05-19 Spanish, Paraguayan Diocesan Moderate Africa Roman Rite
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet Archdiocese of Montevideo Archdiocese of Montevideo Pope Francis Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet 1959-07-04 Uruguayan Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Daniel Nicholas DiNardo Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston Pope Benedict XVI Daniel Nicholas DiNardo 1949-05-23 United States Archbishop Conservative North America Roman Rite
Désiré Tsarahazana Archdiocese of Toamasina Archdiocese of Toamasina Pope Francis Désiré Tsarahazana 1954-06-13 Malagasy Diocesan Conservative Africa Roman Rite
Dieudonné Nzapalainga Archdiocese of Bangui Diocese of Bossangoa Pope Francis Dieudonné Nzapalainga 1967-03-14 Central African Diocesan Moderate Africa Roman Rite
Domenico Battaglia Archdiocese of Naples Archdiocese of Catanzaro-Squillace Pope Francis Domenico Battaglia 1963-01-20 Italian Pastoral Progressive Europe Roman Rite
Dominique Mamberti Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura Diocese of Ajaccio Pope Francis Dominique François Joseph Mamberti 1952-03-07 French Curial Moderate Europe Roman Rite
Dominique Mathieu Archdiocese of Tehran–Isfahan Diocese of Liège Pope Francis Dominique Joseph Mathieu Belgian Diocesan Moderate Middle East Roman Rite
Emil Paul Tscherrig Diocese of Sion Pope Francis Emil Paul Tscherrig Swiss Diplomatic Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Fabio Baggio Diocese of Vicenza Pope Francis Fabio Baggio Italian Curial Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Fernando Filoni Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem Diocese of Lucera-Troia Pope Benedict XVI Fernando Filoni 1946-04-15 Italy Curial Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile Pope Francis Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib 1957-03-10 Chilean Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile Archdiocese of Santiago de Chile Pope Francis Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib 1957-03-10 Chilean Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão Archdiocese of Goa and Daman Archdiocese of Goa and Daman Pope Francis Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão 1953-01-20 Indian Diocesan Moderate Asia Roman Rite
Francesco Montenegro Archdiocese of Agrigento (Emeritus) Archdiocese of Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela Pope Francis Francesco Montenegro 1946-05-22 Italian Emeritus Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit Archdiocese of Bangkok (Emeritus) Archdiocese of Bangkok Pope Francis Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit 1949-06-27 Thai Emeritus Moderate Asia Roman Rite
Francisco Robles Ortega Archdiocese of Guadalajara Archdiocese of Guadalajara Pope Benedict XVI José Francisco Robles Ortega 1949-03-02 Mexico Archbishop Conservative North America Roman Rite
François-Xavier Bustillo Diocese of Ajaccio Diocese of Ajaccio Pope Francis Francisco-Javier Bustillo Rípodas 1968-11-23 France Diocesan Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Frank Leo Archdiocese of Toronto Archdiocese of Montreal Pope Francis Francis Leo 1971-06-30 Canadian Pastoral Moderate North America Roman Rite
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu Archdiocese of Kinshasa Archdiocese of Kinshasa Pope Francis Fridolin Ambongo Besungu 1960-01-24 Congolese Diocesan Conservative Africa Roman Rite
George Jacob Koovakad Archdiocese of Changanacherry Pope Francis George Jacob Koovakad Indian Curial Moderate South Asia Syro-Malabar Rite
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix Archdiocese of Quebec Archdiocese of Quebec Pope Francis Gérald Cyprien Lacroix 1957-07-27 Canada Archbishop Moderate North America Roman Rite
Gerhard Ludwig Müller Diocese of Regensburg (Emeritus) Diocese of Mainz Pope Francis Gerhard Ludwig Müller 1947-12-31 German Curial Conservative Western Europe Roman Rite
Giorgio Marengo Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar Diocese of Turin Pope Francis Giorgio Marengo 1974-06-07 Italy Missionary Progressive Asia Roman Rite
Giuseppe Betori College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Florence Pope Benedict XVI Giuseppe Betori 1947-02-25 Italy Emeritus Moderate Southern Europe Roman Rite
Giuseppe Petrocchi Archdiocese of L’Aquila Archdiocese of L’Aquila Pope Francis Giuseppe Petrocchi 1948-08-19 Italian Diocesan Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Grzegorz Ryś Archdiocese of Łódź Archdiocese of Kraków Pope Francis Grzegorz Wojciech Ryś 1964-02-09 Poland Diocesan Progressive Central Europe Roman Rite
Ignace Bessi Dogbo Archdiocese of Abidjan Diocese of Yopougon Pope Francis Ignace Bessi Dogbo Ivorian Diocesan Moderate Sub-Saharan Africa Roman Rite
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Archdiocese of Jakarta Archdiocese of Jakarta Pope Francis Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo 1950-07-09 Indonesian Diocesan Moderate Asia Roman Rite
Jaime Spengler Archdiocese of Porto Alegre Diocese of Osório Pope Francis Jaime Spengler Brazilian Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
James Michael Harvey Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls (Archpriest) Archdiocese of Milwaukee Pope Benedict XVI James Michael Harvey 1949-10-20 American Curial Conservative North America Roman Rite
Jean-Claude Hollerich Archdiocese of Luxembourg Archdiocese of Luxembourg Pope Francis Jean-Claude Hollerich 1958-08-09 Luxembourgish Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Jean-Marc Noël Aveline Archdiocese of Marseille Archdiocese of Marseille Pope Francis Jean-Marc Noël Aveline 1958-12-26 France Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Jean-Paul Vesco Archdiocese of Algiers Diocese of Nice Pope Francis Jean-Paul Vesco Franco-Algerian Diocesan Progressive North Africa Roman Rite
Jean-Pierre Kutwa College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Abidjan Pope Francis Jean-Pierre Kutwa 1945-12-22 Ivory Coast Emeritus Moderate West Africa Roman Rite
João Braz de Aviz College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Brasília Pope Benedict XVI João Braz de Aviz 1947-04-24 Brazil Emeritus Moderate South America Roman Rite
John Atcherley Dew Archdiocese of Wellington (Emeritus) Archdiocese of Wellington Pope Francis John Atcherley Dew 1948-05-05 New Zealander Emeritus Moderate Oceania Roman Rite
John Njue College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Nairobi Pope Benedict XVI John Njue 1946-01-01 Kenya Emeritus Conservative East Africa Roman Rite
John Ribat Archdiocese of Port Moresby Diocese of Bereina Pope Francis John Ribat 1957-02-09 Papua New Guinean Diocesan Moderate Oceania Roman Rite
José Cobo Cano Archdiocese of Madrid Archdiocese of Madrid Pope Francis José Cobo Cano 1965-09-20 Spain Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
José Lázaro Fuerte Advíncula Jr. Archdiocese of Manila Archdiocese of Manila Pope Francis José Lázaro Fuerte Advíncula Jr. 1952-03-30 Filipino Diocesan Moderate Asia Roman Rite
José Tolentino de Mendonça Diocese of Funchal Pope Francis José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça Portuguese Curial Progressive Southern Europe Roman Rite
Joseph Coutts Archdiocese of Karachi Archdiocese of Karachi Pope Francis Joseph Coutts 1945-07-21 Pakistani Diocesan Moderate Asia Roman Rite
Joseph William Tobin Archdiocese of Newark Archdiocese of Detroit Pope Francis Joseph William Tobin 1952-05-03 American Diocesan Progressive North America Roman Rite
Josip Bozanić College of Cardinals Archdiocese of Zagreb Pope John Paul II Josip Bozanić 1949-03-20 Croatia Emeritus Conservative Central Europe Roman Rite
Jozef De Kesel Archdiocese of Mechelen-Brussels (Emeritus) Diocese of Ghent Pope Francis Jozef De Kesel 1947-06-17 Belgian Emeritus Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana Pope Francis Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez 1948-07-11 Cuban Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Juan José Omella Omella Archdiocese of Barcelona Diocese of Zaragoza Pope Francis Juan José Omella Omella 1946-04-21 Spanish Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Kazimierz Nycz Archdiocese of Warsaw Archdiocese of Warsaw Pope Benedict XVI Kazimierz Nycz 1950-02-01 Poland Archbishop Moderate Central Europe Roman Rite
Kevin Joseph Farrell Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life Archdiocese of Washington Pope Francis Kevin Joseph Farrell 1947-09-02 Irish-American Curial Moderate Europe Roman Rite
Konrad Krajewski Archdiocese of Łódź Pope Francis Konrad Krajewski Polish Curial Moderate Eastern Europe Roman Rite
Kurt Koch College of Cardinals Diocese of Basel Pope Benedict XVI Kurt Koch 1950-03-15 Switzerland Emeritus Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Ladislav Nemet Archdiocese of Belgrade Diocese of Subotica Pope Francis Ladislav Nemet 1956-09-07 Serbia Diocesan Progressive Europe Roman Rite
Lazarus You Heung-sik Diocese of Daejeon Pope Francis You Heung-sik South Korean Curial Moderate East Asia Roman Rite
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner Archdiocese of Manaus Diocese of Criciúma Pope Francis Leonardo Ulrich Steiner 1950-11-06 Brazilian Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Louis Raphaël I Sako Chaldean Patriarchate of Babylon Eparchy of Zakho Pope Francis Louis Sako 1948-07-04 Iraq Patriarch Moderate Middle East Chaldean
Luis Antonio Tagle Dicastery for Evangelization Archdiocese of Manila Pope Benedict XVI Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle 1957-06-21 Philippines Curial Progressive Southeast Asia Roman Rite
Luis Gerardo Cabrera Herrera Archdiocese of Guayaquil Archdiocese of Cuenca Pope Francis Luis Gerardo Cabrera Herrera 1955-10-11 Ecuadorian Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Luis José Rueda Aparicio Archdiocese of Bogotá Diocese of Socorro y San Gil Pope Francis Luis José Rueda Aparicio 1962-03-03 Colombia Diocesan Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Malcolm Ranjith Archdiocese of Colombo Archdiocese of Colombo Pope Benedict XVI Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don 1947-11-15 Sri Lanka Archbishop Conservative South Asia Roman Rite
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente Patriarchate of Lisbon (Emeritus) Patriarchate of Lisbon Pope Francis Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente 1948-07-16 Portuguese Emeritus Moderate Western Europe Roman Rite
Marcello Semeraro Diocese of Albano Pope Francis Marcello Semeraro Italian Curial Progressive Southern Europe Roman Rite
Mario Aurelio Poli Archdiocese of Buenos Aires (Emeritus) Archdiocese of Buenos Aires Pope Francis Mario Aurelio Poli 1947-11-29 Argentine Emeritus Moderate Latin America Roman Rite
Mario Grech Diocese of Gozo Pope Francis Mario Grech Maltese Curial Progressive Southern Europe Roman Rite
Mario Zenari Apostolic Nunciature to Syria Diocese of Verona Pope Francis Mario Zenari 1946-01-05 Italian Diplomatic Moderate Middle East Roman Rite
Matteo Maria Zuppi Archdiocese of Bologna Archdiocese of Bologna Pope Francis Matteo Maria Zuppi 1955-10-11 Italian Diocesan Progressive Western Europe Roman Rite
Mauro Gambetti Diocese of Bologna Pope Francis Mauro Gambetti Italian Curial Progressive Southern Europe Roman Rite
Michael Czerny Archdiocese of Prague Pope Francis Michael F. Czerny Canadian Curial Progressive North America Roman Rite
Mykola Bychok Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne Archeparchy of Lviv of the Ukrainians Pope Francis Mykola Bychok 1980-02-13 Ukrainian Pastoral Moderate Oceania Ukrainian Greek Catholic
Odilo Pedro Scherer Archdiocese of São Paulo Archdiocese of São Paulo Pope Benedict XVI Odilo Pedro Scherer 1949-09-21 Brazil Archbishop Moderate South America Roman Rite
Orani João Tempesta Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro Pope Francis Orani João Tempesta 1950-06-23 Brazil Archbishop Moderate South America Roman Rite
Oscar Cantoni Diocese of Como Diocese of Como Pope Francis Oscar Cantoni 1950-09-01 Italy Diocesan Moderate Europe Roman Rite
Pablo Virgilio David Archdiocese of Manila Diocese of San Fernando Pope Francis Pablo Virgilio Siongco David 1959-03-02 Philippines Diocesan Progressive Asia Roman Rite
Paulo Cezar Costa Archdiocese of Brasília Diocese of Valença Pope Francis Paulo Cezar Costa 1967-07-20 Brazil Diocesan Progressive Latin America Roman Rite
Peter Ebere Okpaleke Diocese of Ekwulobia Diocese of Awka Pope Francis Peter Ebere Okpaleke 1963-03-01 Nigeria Diocesan Moderate Sub-Saharan Africa Roman Rite

More...

Procedure

The conclave begins on 7 May with the Missa Pro Eligendo Romano Pontifice in St. Peter's Basilica, followed by a procession to the Sistine Chapel.[9] After the extra omnes proclamation, electors take an oath of secrecy and fidelity.[9] Voting occurs in the Sistine Chapel, with up to four ballots per day until a candidate achieves a two-thirds majority.[5] Ballots are burned after each round, with white smoke signaling a successful election and black smoke indicating no decision.[10]

If no pope is elected after three days, a one-day pause may occur, with further pauses after every seven ballots. After 33 rounds, a runoff between the top two candidates may be held, per Benedict XVI's rules.[11] The elected pope is announced by the senior cardinal deacon with the phrase Habemus Papam from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica.[9]

Speculation and Papabili

The conclave's unprecedented size and diversity have led to varied predictions. Cardinal Rainer Woelki suggested a longer conclave due to its complexity, while Cardinals Louis Sako and Gregorio Rosa Chávez anticipated a shorter duration of two to three days.[1] Observers note the influence of Francis's 108 appointees, with some expecting a non-European pope due to the College's global composition.[1][8] Leading papabili include Cardinals Matteo Zuppi and Reinhard Marx (progressive wing), and Péter Erdő and Fridolin Ambongo (conservative wing), though conclaves often produce unexpected outcomes.[12]

Issues such as synodality, LGBTQ+ inclusion, and the Church's global role are expected to shape discussions.[3] The Italian fantasy league Fantapapa, with 75,000 players as of 5 May, reflects public interest, though gambling on conclaves is prohibited by canon law.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 "2025 papal conclave". 12 May 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_papal_conclave. 
  2. ↑ "2025 conclave to be largest in Catholic Church’s history". 2 May 2025. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/2025-conclave-to-be-largest-in-catholic-churchs-history. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Understanding the 2025 Papal Conclave, Dynamics, Divisions, and Decisions". 29 April 2025. https://vajiramandravi.com/2025-papal-conclave. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Cardinal electors in the 2025 papal conclave". 5 May 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_the_2025_papal_conclave. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Papal conclave". 4 May 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_conclave. 
  6. ↑ "2025 papal conclave". 20 April 2025. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/2025_papal_conclave. 
  7. ↑ "When does the 2025 conclave begin? Here's when the cardinals meet". 28 April 2025. https://www.npr.org/2025/04/28/when-does-the-2025-conclave-begin. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Conclave: Who will elect the next Pope?". 29 April 2025. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/conclave-who-will-elect-the-next-pope.html. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Conclave to elect new Pope to begin on May 7th". 28 April 2025. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/conclave-to-elect-new-pope-to-begin-on-may-7th.html. 
  10. ↑ "Conclave to choose a new pope to begin May 7, Vatican says". 29 April 2025. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/conclave-to-choose-new-pope-may-7-vatican-pope-francis-successor/. 
  11. ↑ "When Does the Papal Conclave Begin?". 28 April 2025. https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/2025-papal-conclave/. 
  12. ↑ "I worked in the Vatican for 18 years – this will be the most unpredictable conclave yet". 4 May 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/04/vatican-papal-conclave-pope-francis. 

External links

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