Draft2:User-Centred Energy Systems
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The User-Centred Energy Systems, formerly International Energy Agency Demand Side Management Programme, aims to provide evidence from socio-technical research on the design, social acceptance and usability of clean energy technologies to inform policy making for clean, efficient and secure energy transitions.
It promotes energy efficiency and demand side management (DSM) for global sustainable development and for business opportunities. This includes a wide range of actions to reduce demand for electricity (or gas) and/or to shift demand from peak to off-peak times. DSM is an important tool to help balance supply and demand in electricity markets, to reduce price volatility, to increase system reliability and security, to rationalize investment in electricity supply infrastructure and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Traditionally, DSM was driven by electricity businesses as a load and investment management tool, often within a ‘least-cost planning’ framework. While this aspect continues in some countries, DSM is increasingly finding new applications as a market-based offer in liberalized energy markets. At the same time DSM is being used in emerging energy efficiency policy measures. The overall objective of the Implementing Agreement on Demand Side Management is to help DSM technologies reach their full market potential, thereby allowing energy systems and utility investments to function more effectively and giving energy system investments enhanced value for gas and electricity customers.
DOE Point of Contact
Larry Mansueti, OE, lawrence.mansueti@hq.doe.gov,202-586-2588
Objectives
Specific objectives are:
- Information exchange on technologies and programmes for DSM
- Co-operative support for development and demonstration of DSM technologies
- Investigation of techniques for implementation of DSM in the market place - Development of improved methods for incorporating DSM into integrated resource planning
- Helping DSM technologies reach their full market potential
- Give utility investments enhanced value for customers The on-going restructuring of utility business in many countries has also made it obvious that tools may not be as readily accessible to utilities in the future. In this situation, sharing and transferring experiences, replicating successes and avoiding mistakes is important to the successful introduction and use of DSM techniques.
Focus areas
The main areas of work include:
- Demand-Side Management programmes
- Communication Technologies for Demand-Side Management eg: Flexible Gateway technology ‘Flex-Gate’ for information to flow in and out of homes
- Innovative procurement of demand-side technologies
- Techniques for implementing demand-side management in the market place
- DSM and energy efficiency in the changing electricity business environment
- Collaboration on Market Transformation and procurement of demand-side technologies
- Demand-Side Bidding in a Competitive Electricity Market
- The Role of Municipalities in a Liberalized System
- Performance Contracting
- Energy Use, Metering and Pricing for Demand Management Delivery
- Demand Response Resources.
Signatories
- Australia
| Austria | Belgium | Canada | Denmark | Finland | France | Greece | India | Italy | Korea, Republic of | Netherlands | Norway | Spain | Sweden | United Kingdom | United States | Japan |
Background
International Database on DSM Technologies and Programmes
Subtask 1: INDEEP Online Database
This international database increases the effectiveness of utility and government implementation of end-use energy efficiency programmes by sharing information on such programmes.
Subtask 2: DSM and EE Programme Evaluation Guidebook
The goals of this subtask are to develop, test, and promote an evaluation guidebook for governmental and non-governmental Energy Efficiency Programmes and also for (utility) DSM programmes targeted towards energy end-users and focused on GHG reductions to meet Kyoto's targets.
Energy Use, Metering and Pricing for Demand Management Delivery
The objective is to increase the motivation of smaller customers to modify their energy demand and to provide mechanisms for their participation in the demand side of competitive energy markets.
Co-operation on Energy Standards
The impact energy standards can have on the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) is significant- studies show that strengthened standards and labeling polices and programs alone can achieve about one-third of the necessary GHG reductions. Once combined with other energy standard based policies and programs, it is estimated that these measures will account for the majority of energy efficiency GHG reductions worldwide.
Network Driven DSM
Task XV will identify and develop DSM measures to overcome the types of electricity network problems linked to the 2003 blackouts in Europe and the United States.
Network problems are becoming significant in countries where electricity demand is increasing and network infrastructure ('poles and wires') is ageing. As loads grow and infrastructure reaches the end of its economic life, the potential cost of augmenting networks is increasing exponentially. In many situations, DSM can delay the need for network augmentation. In certain limited situations, DSM may even be able to cost-effectively eliminate the requirement to build a 'poles and wires' solution.
Task XV will identify the most appropriate and cost-effective DSM measures to relieve electricity network constraints, whether these constraints are time related (eg occurring at times of the network system peak) or location-related (eg associated with particular lines or substations) or both. All types of constraint will be addressed, including capacity limitations, voltage fluctuations, reliability issues, etc. Such network-driven DSM measures are often more cost-effective, and may also have lower environmental impacts, than network augmentation (ie building 'poles and wires').
Integration of Demand Side Management, Energy Efficiency, Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Sources
The main objective of the proposed Task is to study how to achieve the optimal integration of flexible demand (Demand Response, Demand Side Management) with Distributed Generation, Energy Storages and Smart Grids, and thus increase the value of Demand Response, Demand Side Management and Distributed Generation and decrease problems caused by intermittent distributed generation (mainly based on RES) in the physical electricity systems and at the electricity market. The Task deals with integration aspects both at local (distribution network and customer) level and at transmission system level where large wind farms are connected.
Demand Side Management and Climate Change
On a global basis, electricity production is estimated to contribute about 25% of the human-induced increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Creating sustainable energy systems with minimum levels of GHG emissions requires the deployment of both renewable energy and other low emission technologies on the supply side and measures that increase energy efficiency on the demand side. The fourth IPCC Working Group III Report "Mitigation of Climate Change" identified demand side management programs as a mechanism that may be effective in reducing emissions. Task XVIII is investigating the potential contribution to mitigating GHG emissions that can be made by demand side management measures. Task XVIII is also examining the extent to which GHG emissions mitigation measures can provide benefits to electricity systems. Introduction Currently, DSM and GHG emission mitigation measures are implemented quite independently. DSM measures are implemented primarily to assist and improve the operation of electricity systems. Any impacts (positive or negative) of DSM measures on climate change are only a minor consideration, if they are considered at all. Efforts to mitigate GHG emissions from electricity production have focused on improving the efficiency of both electricity generation and end-use. However, emission mitigation measures focussed on increasing end-use efficiency have usually not considered any benefits to the electricity system (eg peak load reduction) that might be gained through implementing the measures. The overall aim of Task XVIII is to reconcile these two different approaches so as to identify circumstances in which DSM can contribute to mitigating GHG emissions and emission mitigation measures can achieve benefits for electricity systems. Task XVIII will then determine what is required to maximize the emissions reductions and electricity system benefits from these two types of measures.
Micro Demand Response and Energy Savings
The proposed Task XIX will define DR and energy saving products and how to actually deliver them into the residential and SME markets on a commercial basis using ESSP/DAG businesses. Funding mechanisms and the provision of information and controls infrastructure will be studied and evaluated. The potential for these measures to be accredited for financial support by Governments and Regulators, (White Certificates, EEC/CERT, etc) will also be evaluated. Accreditation to enable Suppliers to include DR measures towards meeting their energy saving targets is an important consideration and will also be evaluated. Proposed ESSP/DAG business tasks are expected to include the following:- identify potential customers and develop DR data base recruit DR customers and energy end uses to be managed develop the demand switching schedules into System Operator, specified products conduct face to face energy advisor interviews and demand modeling with customers contracts and settlement mechanisms negotiate accreditation for energy savings funding and grants management micro generation advice/promotion/management end use remote diagnostics/leasing manage DR payments (customer/System Operator/Supplier) aggregate DR customer groups finance/install DR control infrastructure advise on DR enabled end uses advise customers on tariffs micro loads local control dispatch and metered energy saving accounting system
Standardization of Energy Savings Calculations
The overall aim of Task XXI is to identify basic concepts, calculation rules and systems for Energy Savings Calculations (ESC) standards. Additional a methodology should be developed to nominate and describe the several Demand Response products. Within this framework of basic concept and calculation rules also the relation to reduction of the environmental impacts in greenhouse gas emissions from energy savings should be incorporated. The Task will also explore how an by what type of organizations these standards could be use and improved to increase international comparable evaluation of policies and measures.