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Papal conclave: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "{{short description|Election of the Bishop of Rome by the College of Cardinals}} '''Papal conclave''' (from Latin ''conclave'', meaning "room that can be locked with a key") is the gathering of the College of Cardinals to elect a new Bishop of Rome, who becomes the Pope and successor of Saint Peter. The conclave is held in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City following the vacancy of the Apostolic See, which occurs upon the d...") |
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The current norms are governed by the Apostolic Constitution ''Universi Dominici Gregis'' (1996) of Pope John Paul II, with amendments by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007 and 2013. Only cardinals under the age of 80 on the day the see becomes vacant (cardinal electors) may vote, and election requires a two-thirds majority. The successful candidate, upon acceptance, immediately becomes pope if he is already a bishop, chooses a papal name, and is announced to the world with the words ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' from the central loggia of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. The election is signaled by white smoke from the Sistine Chapel chimney.<ref name="UDG"/> | The current norms are governed by the Apostolic Constitution ''Universi Dominici Gregis'' (1996) of Pope John Paul II, with amendments by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007 and 2013. Only cardinals under the age of 80 on the day the see becomes vacant (cardinal electors) may vote, and election requires a two-thirds majority. The successful candidate, upon acceptance, immediately becomes pope if he is already a bishop, chooses a papal name, and is announced to the world with the words ''[[Habemus Papam]]'' from the central loggia of [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. The election is signaled by white smoke from the Sistine Chapel chimney.<ref name="UDG"/> | ||
As of December 2025, the most recent conclave was held from 7 to 8 May 2025, following the death of Pope Francis on 21 April 2025. It was the largest in history, with 133 cardinal electors participating. Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A., was elected on the fourth ballot and took the name [[Pope Leo XIV]], becoming the first pope born in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_papal_conclave |title=2025 papal conclave |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=13 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/cardinal-elected-pope-papal-name.html |title=Leo XIV is the new Pope |publisher=Vatican News |date=8 May 2025}}</ref | As of December 2025, the most recent conclave was held from 7 to 8 May 2025, following the death of Pope Francis on 21 April 2025. It was the largest in history, with 133 cardinal electors participating. Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A., was elected on the fourth ballot and took the name [[Pope Leo XIV]], becoming the first pope born in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_papal_conclave |title=2025 papal conclave |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=13 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/cardinal-elected-pope-papal-name.html |title=Leo XIV is the new Pope |publisher=Vatican News |date=8 May 2025}}</ref> | ||
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The term "conclave" derives from the literal locking of cardinals in seclusion. Rules evolved over centuries, addressing issues such as the "jus exclusivae" (veto power of Catholic monarchs), abolished by Pope Pius X in 1904. Twentieth-century reforms included Pope Paul VI's 1975 limits on electors to those under 80 and John Paul II's 1996 ''Universi Dominici Gregis'', which introduced residence at Domus Sanctae Marthae and enhanced secrecy measures.<ref name="UDG"/> | The term "conclave" derives from the literal locking of cardinals in seclusion. Rules evolved over centuries, addressing issues such as the "jus exclusivae" (veto power of Catholic monarchs), abolished by Pope Pius X in 1904. Twentieth-century reforms included Pope Paul VI's 1975 limits on electors to those under 80 and John Paul II's 1996 ''Universi Dominici Gregis'', which introduced residence at Domus Sanctae Marthae and enhanced secrecy measures.<ref name="UDG"/> | ||
=== Recent Conclaves === | === Recent Conclaves === | ||
Modern conclaves have been notably brief. The 2005 conclave elected Pope Benedict XVI in four ballots over two days. The 2013 conclave elected Pope Francis in five ballots. The 2025 conclave, with 133 electors, concluded on the second day with the election of Pope Leo XIV, reflecting the global composition of the College of Cardinals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_papal_conclave |title=2025 papal conclave}}</ref> | Modern conclaves have been notably brief. The 2005 conclave elected Pope Benedict XVI in four ballots over two days. The 2013 conclave elected Pope Francis in five ballots. The 2025 conclave, with 133 electors, concluded on the second day with the election of Pope Leo XIV, reflecting the global composition of the College of Cardinals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_papal_conclave |title=2025 papal conclave}}</ref> | ||