Accessibility: Difference between revisions

From Saintapedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{breadcrumbs |align= right|page= |url= |wikipedia=yes |openei=no |other= |othername= |officialwebsite=no}}{{TOC right}}[[File:Disability in America.png|alt=Infographic showing percentage of people with a disability|thumb|400x400px|Disability in America]][[File:Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic.jpg|thumb|1659x1659px|Disability Impacts All of Us ]]
{{breadcrumbs |align= right|page= |url= |wikipedia=yes |openei=no |other= |othername= |officialwebsite=no}}{{TOC right}}[[File:Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic.png|thumb|1659x1659px|Disability Impacts All of Us ]]
'''Accessibility''' is the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity. The concept is often used to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology.<section begin="lead" /> Accessibility is not to be confused with [[usability]] which is the extent to which a product (e.g., device, service, environment) can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.
'''Accessibility''' is the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity. The concept is often used to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology.<section begin="lead" /> Accessibility is not to be confused with [[usability]] which is the extent to which a product (e.g., device, service, environment) can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.


Line 12: Line 12:
* Technology - Technology is an extremely valuable way to increase inclusion for people with a range of disabilities. Augmentative communication devices and screen readers that "speak" what is on the computer screen are examples of personal technology used by individuals with disabilities to increase accessibility and inclusion. Remember that technology access does not always mean complex electronic devices; it can be as simple as a rubber pen grip. Technology access also requires that computers, Web sites, and telephone systems are all accessible to and useable by people with a range of disabilities including visual, hearing, mobility, and cognitive disabilities.  Also see [[#Web Accessibility|Web Accessibility]] below.
* Technology - Technology is an extremely valuable way to increase inclusion for people with a range of disabilities. Augmentative communication devices and screen readers that "speak" what is on the computer screen are examples of personal technology used by individuals with disabilities to increase accessibility and inclusion. Remember that technology access does not always mean complex electronic devices; it can be as simple as a rubber pen grip. Technology access also requires that computers, Web sites, and telephone systems are all accessible to and useable by people with a range of disabilities including visual, hearing, mobility, and cognitive disabilities.  Also see [[#Web Accessibility|Web Accessibility]] below.
* Communication - Communication access means providing the technology or services necessary to facilitate equivalent communication for persons with hearing, speech, cognitive, or learning disabilities.
* Communication - Communication access means providing the technology or services necessary to facilitate equivalent communication for persons with hearing, speech, cognitive, or learning disabilities.
* Alternate Formats - For people with some types of disabilities, including visual impairments, written materials need to be available upon request in alternate formats including Braille, text file, large print, audiotape, or video [[captioning]].
* Alternate Formats - For people with some types of disabilities, including visual impairments, written materials need to be available upon request in alternate formats including Braille, text file, large print, audiotape, or video captioning.


== Web Accessibility ==
== Web Accessibility ==
Line 19: Line 19:
* A high contrast version of the site for individuals with low vision, and a low contrast (yellow or blue) version of the site for individuals with dyslexia
* A high contrast version of the site for individuals with low vision, and a low contrast (yellow or blue) version of the site for individuals with dyslexia
* Alternative media for any multimedia used on the site (video, flash, audio, etc.) - Often a transcript will suffice
* Alternative media for any multimedia used on the site (video, flash, audio, etc.) - Often a transcript will suffice
** See [[Transcription]] for information about Relay Conference Captioning
* Simple and consistent navigation
* Simple and consistent navigation
* Device Independent
* Device Independent
Line 28: Line 27:


=== Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ===
=== Web Content Accessibility Guidelines ===
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3wH76wKbig|400|right|Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1: What to Expect}}
{{#ev:YouTube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3wH76wKbig|400|right|Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1: What to Expect|frame}}
 
The {{W|Web Content Accessibility Guidelines}} ('''WCAG''') are part of a series of [[web accessibility]] guidelines published by the {{W|Web Accessibility Initiative}} (WAI) of the {{W|World Wide Web Consortium}} (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet. They are a set of guidelines that specify how to make content accessible, primarily for people with [[disabilities]]—but also for all user agents, including highly limited devices, such as mobile phones. The current version, WCAG 2.0, was published in December 2008 and became an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] standard, ISO/IEC 40500:2012 in October 2012.
The {{W|Web Content Accessibility Guidelines}} ('''WCAG''') are part of a series of [[web accessibility]] guidelines published by the {{W|Web Accessibility Initiative}} (WAI) of the {{W|World Wide Web Consortium}} (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet. They are a set of guidelines that specify how to make content accessible, primarily for people with [[disabilities]]—but also for all user agents, including highly limited devices, such as mobile phones. The current version, WCAG 2.0, was published in December 2008 and became an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] standard, ISO/IEC 40500:2012 in October 2012.


Line 36: Line 36:
* Users can complete and submit all forms
* Users can complete and submit all forms
* Links make sense out of context
* Links make sense out of context
* Media has captions and/or [[transcript]]<nowiki/>s
* Media has captions and/or transcript<nowiki/>s
* Non-[[HTML]] content is accessible
* Non-HTML content is accessible
* Users can skip repetitive elements on the page
* Users can skip repetitive elements on the page
* Meaning is not conveyed through color alone
* Meaning is not conveyed through color alone
Line 88: Line 88:
* add alt tags
* add alt tags
* create a video transcript
* create a video transcript
=== Video ===
{{Notice|See [https://www.digitalgov.gov/2013/06/26/making-multimedia-section-508-compliant-and-accessible/ Making Multimedia Section 508 Compliant and Accessible]}}
{{#lsth:Transcription|Transcription at DOE}}


== Tools and Tips ==
== Tools and Tips ==
Line 97: Line 93:
* Tools to Check PDFs
* Tools to Check PDFs
** [https://helpx.adobe.com/acrobat/using/create-verify-pdf-accessibility.html Create and verify PDF accessibility (Acrobat Pro)]
** [https://helpx.adobe.com/acrobat/using/create-verify-pdf-accessibility.html Create and verify PDF accessibility (Acrobat Pro)]
** [https://www.section508.gov/create/pdfs/ Create Accessible PDFs] - [[Section508.gov]]
** [https://www.section508.gov/create/pdfs/ Create Accessible PDFs] - Section508.gov
** [https://www.adobe.com/devnet-docs/acrobatetk/tools/Labs/aptt.html Adobe PDF Test Toolkit]
** [https://www.adobe.com/devnet-docs/acrobatetk/tools/Labs/aptt.html Adobe PDF Test Toolkit]
**{{PDFLink|508 Accessibility Manual Checklist.pdf|508 Accessibility Manual Checklist}}
* [https://www.ssa.gov/accessibility/andi/help/install.html Accessible Name & Description Inspector] (ANDI) - free accessibility testing tool maintained by the Social Security Administration
* {{DocLink|Section_508_Accessibility_Checklist_Template.docx|Section 508 Accessibility 13-page Checklist}}
* [[ANDI]] (Accessible Name & Description Inspector) - free accessibility testing tool maintained by the [[Social Security Administration]]
* [https://wave.webaim.org/ WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools]
* [https://wave.webaim.org/ WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools]
* [https://www.tpgi.com/color-contrast-checker/ Colour Contrast Analyzer (CCA)]
* [https://www.tpgi.com/color-contrast-checker/ Color Contrast Analyzer (CCA)]
* [[Screen reader#Software options]]
* [[Screen reader#Software options]]
* [https://www.powermapper.com/products/sortsite/ SortSite Desktop] - Check for broken links, spelling errors, browser compatibility, SEO, web standards, and WCAG compliance.
* [https://www.powermapper.com/products/sortsite/ SortSite Desktop] - Check for broken links, spelling errors, browser compatibility, SEO, web standards, and WCAG compliance.
Line 120: Line 114:
===Functional Performance Criteria===
===Functional Performance Criteria===
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/1194_31_VASection508_functional_checklist.doc VA Section 508 Checklist for Functional Performance Criteria] (doc)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/1194_31_VASection508_functional_checklist.doc VA Section 508 Checklist for Functional Performance Criteria] (doc)
===Information, Documentation, and Support===
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/Tip-sheet-for-Microsoft-Office-Accessibility-Checker.pdf CMS Quick Reference Guide to Microsoft Office 2010 Accessibility Checker] (PDF)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/key-concepts.doc ED Key Concepts for Creating Accessible Documents] (doc)
* [http://www.plainlanguage.gov/howto/guidelines/FederalPLGuidelines/FederalPLGuidelines.pdf GSA Federal Plain Language Guidelines] (PDF)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/1194_41_VASection508_documentation_checklist.doc VA Section 508 Checklist for Information, Documentation, and Support] (doc)
====Excel Format====
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/Tip-sheet-for-Excel.pdf CMS Section 508 Quick Reference Guide to Microsoft Excel 2010] (PDF)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/excel-2010-checklist.doc ED Checklist for Making Accessible Excel 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/excel-2010.doc ED Requirements for Making Accessible Excel 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/AboutThisWebsite/Accessibility/UCM261476.doc FDA Excel Document Checklist] (doc)
* [http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistexcel.html HHS Excel Document 508 Checklist]
====Outlook Email====
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/Tip-Sheet-for-Microsoft-Outlook.pdf CMS Section 508 Quick Reference Guide to Microsoft Outlook 2010] (PDF)
====Portable Document Format (PDF)====
* [http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/DHS Section 508 PDF Document Test Process.pdf DHS Section 508 PDF Document Accessibility Test Process] (PDF)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/acrobat-x-checklist.doc ED Checklist for Making Accessible PDF Documents with Adobe Acrobat X] (doc)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/acrobat-x.doc ED Requirements for Making Accessible PDF Documents with Adobe Acrobat X] (doc)
* [http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/index.html HHS Making Files Accessible]
* [https://www.ssa.gov/accessibility/files/The_Social_Security_Administration_Accessible_Document_Authoring_Guide_2.1.2.pdf SSA Guide to Producing Accessible Word and PDF Documents] (PDF)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/support/tutorials/pdf/index.asp VA Creating Accessible PDF Tutorials]
====PowerPoint Format====
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/Tip-sheet-for-Powerpoint.pdf CMS Section 508 Quick Reference Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 2010] (PDF)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/powerpoint-2010-checklist.doc ED Checklist for Making Accessible Power Point 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/powerpoint-2010.doc ED Requirements for Making Accessible PowerPoint 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/AboutThisWebsite/Accessibility/UCM262691.doc FDA PowerPoint Document Checklist] (doc)
* [http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistppt.html HHS PowerPoint Document 508 Checklist]
* [http://www.ssa.gov/accessibility/files/PowerPoint2010_Checklist.pdf SSA PowerPoint 2010 Document Checklist] (PDF)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/support/tutorials/powerpoint/index.asp VA Creating Accessible Documents with Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Tutorials]
====Word Format====
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/508-How-To-Guide-for-Microsoft-WORD.pdf CMS How to Make Your Word 2010 Documents 508-Compliant] (PDF)
* [http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/CMS-Information-Technology/Section508/Downloads/Tip-sheet-for-Microsoft-Word.pdf CMS Section 508 Quick Reference Guide to Microsoft Word 2010] (PDF)
* [http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/DHS Section 508 MS Word Test Process.pdf DHS Section 508 Compliance Test Process for Microsoft Word Documents] (PDF)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/word-2010-checklist.doc ED Checklist for Making Accessible Word 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www2.ed.gov/web-guidance/accessibility/word-2010.doc ED Requirements for Making Accessible Word 2010 Documents] (doc)
* [http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/AboutThisWebsite/Accessibility/UCM261370.doc FDA Word Document Checklist] (doc)
* [http://www.buyaccessible.gov/sites/default/files/Baseline_Tests_for_Docs_MS_Word_2010_accessibility_v 1.0 2.1.2015 FINAL.docx GSA Baseline Tests for Accessible Electronic Documents] (docx)
* [http://www.buyaccessible.gov/sites/default/files/Section 508 Basic Authoring and Testing Guide Checklist v 1.0 1.29.15 FINAL.docx GSA Section 508 Basic Authoring and Testing Guide Checklist] (docx)
* [http://www.buyaccessible.gov/sites/default/files/Section 508 Basic Authoring and Testing Guide Word 2010 v 1.0 1.29.2015 FINAL.docx GSA Section 508 Basic Authoring and Testing Guide for Microsoft Word 2010] (docx)
* [http://www.buyaccessible.gov/sites/default/files/Word Conformance Text Script Reporting Tool Example v 1.0 10.30.2014 FINAL.docx GSA Section 508 Conformance Test Process for Microsoft Word 2010] (docx)
* [http://www.buyaccessible.gov/sites/default/files/Word Conformance Text Script Reporting Tool Example v 1.0 10.30.2014 FINAL.docx GSA Section 508 Conformance Test Process Reporting Template]
* [http://www.hhs.gov/web/508/accessiblefiles/checklistword.html HHS Word Document 508 Checklist]
* [http://www.ssa.gov/accessibility/checklists/docs/Word2010E_AccessibilityGuidance_Revised.pdf SSA Word 2010 Accessibility Guidance] (PDF)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/support/tutorials/word/index.asp VA Creating Accessible Documents with Microsoft Word 2010 Tutorials]
===Meetings, Conferences, and General Etiquette===
===Meetings, Conferences, and General Etiquette===
* [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/transcripts/Making-Meetings-Accessible.pdf CDC Making Meetings Accessible] (PDF)
* [http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/transcripts/Making-Meetings-Accessible.pdf CDC Making Meetings Accessible] (PDF)
Line 212: Line 163:
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/1194_22_VASection508_web_checklist.doc VA Section 508 Checklist for Web-based Internet Information and Applications] (doc)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/1194_22_VASection508_web_checklist.doc VA Section 508 Checklist for Web-based Internet Information and Applications] (doc)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/VAWebBestPracticesGuide.pdf VA Web Best Practices Guide] (PDF)
* [http://www.section508.va.gov/docs/VAWebBestPracticesGuide.pdf VA Web Best Practices Guide] (PDF)
== Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds ==
===Section 508===
<rss max="4">https://www.section508.gov/rss.xml</rss>
=== Disability.gov RSS Feed ===
<rss max="4">https://www.disability.gov/resource/feed/</rss>


== Related ==
== Related ==
* [[IT Assistive Services]]
* [[Accessibility Committee]]
* [[Saintapedia:Accessibility]]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Accessibility]]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Accessibility]]
* [[Global Accessibility Awareness Day]]


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 236: Line 177:
* [https://askjan.org/ Job Accommodation Network] (JAN)
* [https://askjan.org/ Job Accommodation Network] (JAN)


==References==
==References ==
 
 
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Accessibility}}
{{Accessibility}}


{{purge}}
{{purge button}}
 
[[Category:Section 508]]


[[Category:Pages with YouTube videos]]
[[Category:Pages with YouTube videos]]
[[Category:Accessibility]]
[[Category:Accessibility]]

Latest revision as of 20:56, 17 September 2024

Accessibility on Wikipedia
Disability Impacts All of Us

Accessibility is the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity. The concept is often used to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology. Accessibility is not to be confused with usability which is the extent to which a product (e.g., device, service, environment) can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.

Accessibility is strongly related to universal design when the approach involves "direct access." This is about making things accessible to all people (whether they have a disability or not). An alternative is to provide "indirect access" by having the entity support the use of a person's assistive technology to achieve access (e.g., screen readers).

1 out of every 12 men and 1 out of every 200 women have a color vision deficiency. Across the world, approximately 300 million people are color blind.[1]

Accessibility Types

Accessibility refers to all features that make a work environment inclusive and accessible. The term accessibility encompasses five different areas:

  • Architectural - The Architectural Barriers Act requires buildings and facilities be accessible to people with disabilities if they were constructed or altered by—or on behalf of—the Federal Government, or through use of certain Federal funds, or leased for occupancy by Federal agencies, after 1968. When individuals with disabilities are unable to use a building because there are no accessible parking spaces, no curb ramps, no ramps at the entrance, no accessible restrooms, no accessible drinking fountains or no raised lettering on signs, or because other barriers exist, they may file a complaint with the Access Board.
  • Programmatic - Programmatic access refers to a program's eligibility requirements, policies, or operating procedures and whether or not they allow full access for individuals with disabilities. This includes ensuring accessibility when planning meetings or events, including sign language interpreters, as well as access to and within event facilities.
  • Technology - Technology is an extremely valuable way to increase inclusion for people with a range of disabilities. Augmentative communication devices and screen readers that "speak" what is on the computer screen are examples of personal technology used by individuals with disabilities to increase accessibility and inclusion. Remember that technology access does not always mean complex electronic devices; it can be as simple as a rubber pen grip. Technology access also requires that computers, Web sites, and telephone systems are all accessible to and useable by people with a range of disabilities including visual, hearing, mobility, and cognitive disabilities. Also see Web Accessibility below.
  • Communication - Communication access means providing the technology or services necessary to facilitate equivalent communication for persons with hearing, speech, cognitive, or learning disabilities.
  • Alternate Formats - For people with some types of disabilities, including visual impairments, written materials need to be available upon request in alternate formats including Braille, text file, large print, audiotape, or video captioning.

Web Accessibility

Making Social Media More Accessible

Examples of website features that can help to make it accessible include the following:

  • A high contrast version of the site for individuals with low vision, and a low contrast (yellow or blue) version of the site for individuals with dyslexia
  • Alternative media for any multimedia used on the site (video, flash, audio, etc.) - Often a transcript will suffice
  • Simple and consistent navigation
  • Device Independent
  • Alternative text (alt tag) describing each photo
  • At least WAI-AA (preferably AAA) compliance with the WAI's WCAG
  • (X)HTML Validation from the W3C for the pages content
  • CSS Validation from the W3C for the pages layout

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1: What to Expect

The Web Content Accessibility GuidelinesWikipedia Logo.png (WCAG) are part of a series of web accessibility guidelines published by the Web Accessibility InitiativeWikipedia Logo.png (WAI) of the World Wide Web ConsortiumWikipedia Logo.png (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet. They are a set of guidelines that specify how to make content accessible, primarily for people with disabilities—but also for all user agents, including highly limited devices, such as mobile phones. The current version, WCAG 2.0, was published in December 2008 and became an ISO standard, ISO/IEC 40500:2012 in October 2012.

Standards

  • All non-text content has alternative text (alt tag)
  • All data tables have headings
  • Users can complete and submit all forms
  • Links make sense out of context
  • Media has captions and/or transcripts
  • Non-HTML content is accessible
  • Users can skip repetitive elements on the page
  • Meaning is not conveyed through color alone
  • Content is clearly written and easy to read
  • JavaScript is accessible
  • The site complies to standards

Common issues

  • No alt tag
  • No video captions or transcript

POUR principles

All online content should be:[2]

  • Perceivable - Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive (it can’t be invisible to all of their senses).
  • Operable - User interface components and navigation must be operable (the interface cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform).
  • Understandable - Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable (the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding).
  • Robust - Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technology (as technologies and user agents evolve, the content should remain accessible).

Type of disabilities

  • permanent disability
  • temporary disability
  • situational disability

Manual testing

Questions

  • Does the keyboard provide access to navigation, in particular the tab, arrow, and enter keys without the use of a mouse?
  • Using the keyboard for navigation, does the cursor move in a logical flow or order?
  • Do all elements (links, radio buttons, text boxes, and drop down menus) work when selected?
  • Does the link text explain and provide context?
  • Is ALT text provided for all non-text elements?
  • Are captions provided for multimedia elements?
  • Is the web page organized such that it is readable without the use of an associated stylesheet?
  • Are there color elements that cannot be identified?
  • Are data tables coded with column headings and row names in the scope?
  • Does the web page have frames?
  • If there is a timed response, are users prompted to request more time?
  • Are electronic form elements organized in a logical tab order and labeled?
  • Are links provided for applets, plug-ins, or third-party software that might be required to access content on the web page?

How to become compliant

  • add alt tags
  • create a video transcript

Tools and Tips

Accessibility Glossaries, FAQs and Resource Portals

Desktop and Portable Computers

These Section 508 technical requirements apply to personal computers (desktop, notebook, portable, including displays). These requirements also apply to handhelds, workstations, and servers.

Personal Computers, Desktop, Notebook

Functional Performance Criteria

Meetings, Conferences, and General Etiquette

Procurement

Prototyping

Self-Contained, Closed Products

Social Media

Software Applications and Operating Systems

Strategic Planning, Reporting, and Policy

Telecommunications Products

Video and Multimedia Products

Web-based Internet Information and Applications

Related

External links

References

Template:Accessibility

Purge-icon.png Reload this page