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=={{anchor|Chronological list of popes}} Chronological list of popes==
===1st millennium===
====1st century====
The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed. The first ancient lists of popes were not written until the late 2nd century, after the monarchical episcopate had already developed in Rome. These first lists combined contradictory traditions, and even the succession of the first popes is disputed. The first certain dates are AD 222 and 235, the elections of [[Pope Urban I|Urban I]] and [[Pope Liberius|Liberius]]. The years given for the first 30 popes follow the work of [[Richard Adelbert Lipsius]], which often show a 3-year difference with the traditional dates given by [[Eusebius of Caesarea]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lipsius |first=Richard Adelbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnVKgrFFMN8C&pg=PA263 |title=Chronologie der römischen Bischöfe bis zur Mitte des vierten Jahrhunderts |date=1869 |language=de|trans-title=Chronology of the Roman bishops until the middle of the fourth century|location=[[Kiel]]|publisher=Schwersche Buchhandlung}}</ref> These are also the dates used by the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm The List of Popes]. ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', 1911. The exception is Saint Peter, who is given the traditional death date of AD 67.</ref>
{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 1st century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 1
| 30 – {{circa}} 64<br />{{small|(approx. 34 years)}}
| '''St [[Saint Peter|Peter]]'''<br />{{small|'''PETRVS'''}}
| [[Bethsaida]], [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], [[Roman Empire]]{{refn|group=birth|name=Bethsaida|No longer inhabited; located in the present-day [[Golan Heights]].}}
| 
| Born as Shimon, son of Yonah, a Jew from [[Judaea]]. A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostle]] of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition he received the keys of the [[Kingdom of God|Kingdom of Heaven]] ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] {{bibleref2-nb|Matthew|16:18–19}}). Feast day ([[Feast of Saints Peter and Paul]]) 29 June. The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ, and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 29 June.<ref name=EncChrPope>{{cite book |editor1-last = Fahlbusch |editor1-first = Erwin |display-editors=etal |translator-last = Bromiley |translator-first = Geoffrey William |title=Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon |trans-title=The encyclopedia of Christianity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCY4sAjTGIYC |access-date=7 September 2011 |volume=4 |year=2005 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5 |pages=272–282 |chapter=Pope, Papacy |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA272}}</ref> [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in Vatican City is named after him.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 2
| {{circa}} 64 – {{circa}} 76 (?)<br />{{small|(11–12 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Linus|Linus]]'''<br />{{small|'''LINVS'''}}
| [[Volterra]]e, [[Roman Italy|Italia]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Volterra|Now Volterra, [[Italy]].}}
| 
| First Roman pope, being a [[Roman citizen]] born in [[Roman Italy|Italia]], the [[homeland]] of the [[ancient Romans]].{{refn|group=birth|name=Italia|Roman citizenship was recognized to the rest of the Italians by the end of the [[Social War (91–87 BC)|Social War]] in 87 BC.}}<ref>Against Heresies 3:3.3</ref> Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in the [[New Testament]] ([[Second Epistle to Timothy]] {{bibleref2-nb|2 Timothy|4:21}}).<ref name="kirsch">{{cite book |last=Kirsch |first=Johann Peter|author-link=Johann Peter Kirsch|chapter-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272b.htm |year=1910 |chapter=Pope St. Linus |title=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] |volume=9 |location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Company|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509174936/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 3
| {{circa}} 76 – {{circa}} 88 (?)<br />{{small|(12 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Anacletus|Anacletus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANACLETVS'''}}
| [[Athens|Athenae]], [[Achaea (Roman province)|Achaea]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens|Now Athens, [[Greece]].}}
| 
| First Greek pope.  A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into '''Cletus''' and '''Anacletus'''.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm The fourth pope] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508081856/http://newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm |date=8 May 2012 }} Discussed in the article on Clement I</ref>
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 4
| {{circa}} 88 – {{circa}} 97 (?)<br />{{small|(9 years)}}
| '''St [[Clement of Rome|Clement I]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS'''}}
| [[History of Rome#Ancient Rome|Roma]], Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome|Now [[Rome]], [[Italy]].}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], born in the capital of the [[Roman Empire]]. Feast day 23 November. The earliest [[Apostolic Fathers|Apostolic Father]], issued [[1 Clement]] which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in the [[New Testament]] ([[Epistle to the Philippians]] {{bibleref2-nb| Philippians|4:3}}).<ref>{{cite book |author=Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA363 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |page=363|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125134433/https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown in the sea.}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 5
| {{circa}} 97 – {{circa}} 105 (?)<br />{{small|(7–8 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Evaristus|Evaristus]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVARISTVS'''}}
| [[Bethlehem]], [[Roman Judea|Iudaea]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Bethlehem|Now Bethlehem, [[State of Palestine|Palestine]].}}
| 
| Hellenized Jew. A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====2nd century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 2nd century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 6
| {{circa}} 105 – {{circa}} 115 (?)<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER'''}}
| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], born in the capital of the [[Roman Empire]]. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 18 March.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 7
| {{circa}} 115 – {{circa}} 125<br />{{small|(10 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Sixtus I|Sixtus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYXTVS'''}}
| 42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| A Roman of Greek descent, born in [[Roman Italy|Italia]], the [[homeland]] of the [[ancient Romans]]. Uncertain if he was a ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'' (a free subject of the [[Roman Empire]]) or a [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 10 August.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 8
| {{circa}} 125 – {{circa}} 136<br />{{small|(11 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Telesphorus|Telesphorus]]'''<br />{{small|'''TELESPHORVS'''}}
| [[Terranova da Sibari|Terra Nova]], Italia, Roman Empire
| 
| A Roman of Greek descent, born in [[Roman Italy|Italia]], the [[homeland]] of the [[ancient Romans]]. Uncertain if it was a ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'' (a free subject of the [[Roman Empire]]) or a [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father [[Irenaeus|St. Irenaeus]] called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 9
| {{circa}} 136 – {{circa}} 140 <br />{{small|(4 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Hyginus|Hyginus]]'''<br />{{small|'''HYGINVS'''}}
| Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens}}
| 
| Greek. A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 10
| {{circa}} 140 – {{circa}} 155<br />{{small|(15 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Pius I|Pius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS'''}}
| [[Aquileia]], Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Aquileia|Now Aquileia, [[Italy]].}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], born in [[Roman Italy|Italia]], the [[homeland]] of the [[ancient Romans]]. Was brother of [[Hermas (freedman)|Hermas]]. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that [[Easter]] should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 11
| {{circa}} 155 – 166/7<br />{{small|(11–12 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Anicetus|Anicetus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANICETVS'''}}
| [[Homs|Emesa]], [[Roman Syria|Syria]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Homs|Now Homs, [[Syria]].}}
| 
| Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 12
| 166/7 – 174/5<br />{{small|(8–9 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Soter|Soter]]'''<br />{{small|'''SOTERIVS'''}}
| [[Fondi|Fundi]], Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Aquileia}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], born in [[Roman Italy|Italia]], the [[homeland]] of the [[ancient Romans]]. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 13
| 174/5 – 189<br />{{small|(14–15 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Eleutherius|Eleutherius]]'''<br />{{small|'''ELEVTHERIVS'''}}
| [[Nicopolis]], [[Epirus]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Nicopolis|Nicopolis is now a Roman ruin near the city of [[Preveza]], [[Greece]].}}
| 
| Greek. A ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'', free provincial subject of the [[Roman Empire]] who was not a [[Roman citizen]]. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 14
| 189 – 198/9<br />{{small|(9–10 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Victor I|Victor I]]'''<br />{{small|'''VICTOR'''}}
| [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although some<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fisher |first1=Max |title=WorldViews Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/03/13/sorry-jorge-mario-bergoglio-is-not-the-first-non-european-pope/|access-date=24 November 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=13 March 2013|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508052548/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/03/13/sorry-jorge-mario-bergoglio-is-not-the-first-non-european-pope/|url-status=live}}</ref> suggest he was born in [[Leptis Magna]], now a part of [[Libya]].}}
| 
| Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Uncertain if it was a ''[[Peregrinus (Roman)|peregrinus]]'' (a free subject of the [[Roman Empire]]) or a [[Roman citizen]]. Known for excommunicating [[Theodotus of Byzantium]]. [[Quartodeciman]]ism controversy.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 15
| 198/199 –<br />August/December 217<br />{{small|(18–19 years)}}
| '''St [[Pope Zephyrinus|Zephyrinus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ZEPHYRINVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], born in the capital of the [[Roman Empire]]. Combated against the [[adoptionist]] heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred ([[murdered]]), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.
}}
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| c. 198/199 –<br />c. 199/200<br />{{small|(1 year)}}
| ''[[Antipope Natalius|Natalius]]''<br />{{small|'''''NATALIVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth||name=Rome}}
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|[[Roman citizen]], born in the capital of the [[Roman Empire]]. In opposition to pope [[Pope Zephyrinus|Zephyrinus]]. Later reconciled.
{{pope list end}}

====3rd century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 3rd century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 16
| August/December 217 –<br />14 October 222<br />{{small|(4 years, 2–4 months)}}
| '''St [[Pope Callixtus I|Callixtus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''CALLIXTVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
|[[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). Martyred; feast day 14 October.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 217 – 235<br />{{small|(18 years)}}
| ''St [[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]''<br />{{small|'''''HIPPOLYTVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 170 [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia Minor]], Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|47 / 65
| style="font-size:85%"|[[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). In opposition to [[Callixtus I]], [[Urban I]] and [[Pope Pontian|Pontian]]. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
{{pope list item portraitless
| 17
| 7 June (?) 222 –<br />19 May 230<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|222|6|7|230|5|19}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Urban I|Urban I]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
|[[Roman citizen]]. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 25 May.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 18
| 21 July 230 –<br />28 September 235<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|230|7|21|235|9|28}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Pontian|Pontian]]'''<br />{{small|'''PONTIANVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. First to abdicate after exile to [[Sardinia]] by Emperor [[Maximinus Thrax]]. The ''[[Liberian Catalogue]]'' records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mcbrien |first=Richard P. |title=The Pocket Guide to the Popes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LD59jfaKEIsC&pg=PA30 |access-date=6 March 2012 |date=2006 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-113773-0 |pages=30–31 |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310123008/https://books.google.com/books?id=LD59jfaKEIsC&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_13_bishops_of_rome.htm |title=The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 13: Bishops of Rome |pages=from Theosodr Mommsen, MGH Chronica Minora I (1892), pp. 73–76 |access-date= 6 March 2012 |archive-date= 6 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041329/http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_13_bishops_of_rome.htm |url-status= live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 19
| 21 November 235 –<br />3 January 236<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|235|11|21|236|1|3}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Anterus|Anterus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANTERVS'''}}
| [[Petelia]], Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 5 August.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 20
| 10 February 236 –<br />20 January 250<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|236|2|10|250|1|20}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Fabian|Fabian]]'''<br />{{small|'''FABIANVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 5 August.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 21
| March 251 –<br /> June 253<br />{{small|(2 years, 3 months)}}
| '''St [[Pope Cornelius|Cornelius]]'''<br />{{small|'''CORNELIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| March 251 – 258<br />{{small|(7 years)}}
| ''[[Novatian]]''<br />{{small|'''''NOVATIANVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 200–20 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| style="font-size:85%"|31–51 / 38–58
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Roman citizen]]. Founder of [[Novatianism]]. In opposition to [[Pope Cornelius|Cornelius]], [[Lucius I]], [[Pope Stephen I|Stephen I]] and [[Sixtus II]].
{{pope list item portraitless
| 22
| 25 June 253 –<br />5 March 254<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|253|6|25|254|3|5}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Lucius I|Lucius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''LUCIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 5 March.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 23
| 12 March 254 –<br />2 August 257<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|254|3|12|257|8|2}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Stephen I|Stephen I]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS'''}}
| Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with the same feast day.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 24
| 31 August 257 –<br />6 August 258<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|257|8|31|258|8|6}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Sixtus II|Sixtus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYXTVS''' Secundus}}
| Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 10 August.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 25
| 22 July 259 –<br />27 December 268<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|259|7|22|268|12|27}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Dionysius|Dionysius]]'''<br />{{small|'''DIONYSIVS'''}}
| Terra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent (''[[Constitutio Antoniniana]]''). Feast day 26 December.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 26
| 5 January 269 –<br />30 December 274<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|269|1|5|274|12|30}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Felix I|Felix I]]'''<br />{{small|'''FELIX'''}}
| Rome, Italy Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 30 December.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 27
| 4 January 275 –<br />7 December 283<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|275|1|4|283|12|7}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Eutychian|Eutychian]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVTYCHIANVS'''}}
| [[Luni, Italy|Luna]], Italy, Roman Empire (Now Luni, Italy)
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 8 December.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 28
| 17 December 283 –<br />22 April 296<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|283|12|17|296|4|22}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Caius|Caius]]'''<br />{{small|'''CAIVS'''}}
| [[Salona]], [[Dalmatia]], Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Martyred by beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 11 August.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 29
| 30 June 296 –<br />25 October 304<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|296|6|30|304|10|25}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Marcellinus|Marcellinus]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARCELLINVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 7 June.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====4th century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 4th century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 30
| 27 May 308 –<br />16 January 309<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|308|5|27|309|1|16}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Marcellus I|Marcellus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARCELLVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 16 January. Banished from Rome under [[Maxentius]] (309).
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 31
| 18 April 309 –<br />17 August 310<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|309|4|18|310|8|17}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Eusebius|Eusebius]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVSEBIVS'''}}
| Achaea, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent. Feast day 17 August. Banished by the emperor [[Maxentius]], and died in exile.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 32
| 2 July 311 –<br />10 January 314<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|311|7|2|314|1|10}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Miltiades|Miltiades]]'''<br />(Melchiades)<br />{{small|'''MILTIADES'''}}
| Africa, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of [[Berbers|Berber]] descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the [[Edict of Milan]] (313 AD) issued by [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine the Great]]. Presided over the [[Lateran council]] of 313.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 33
| 31 January 314 –<br />31 December 335<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|314|1|31|335|12|31}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Sylvester I|Sylvester I]]'''<br />{{small|'''SILVESTER'''}}
| [[Sant'Angelo a Scala|Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala]], [[Apulia]] et Calabria, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the [[First Council of Nicaea]] (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him was built: the [[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]], [[Santa Croce in Gerusalemme]] and [[Old St. Peter's Basilica]]. Stated to be the recipient of the ''[[Donation of Constantine]]'', which was later shown to be a forgery.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 34
| 18 January 336 –<br />7 October 336<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|336|1|18|336|10|7}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Mark|Mark]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARCVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 35
| 6 February 337 –<br />12 April 352<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|337|2|6|352|4|12}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Julius I|Julius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''IVLIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. He was involved in the [[Arian]] controversy, supporting [[Athanasius of Alexandria]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 36
| 17 May 352 –<br />24 September 366<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|352|5|17|366|9|24}})}}
| '''[[Pope Liberius|Liberius]]'''<br />{{small|'''LIBERIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor [[Constantius II]] and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 27 August.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=102408 |title=OCA – St Liberius the Pope of Rome |publisher=Ocafs.oca.org |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029032025/http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=102408 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 355 –<br />22 November 365<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|355|11|22|365|11|22}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Felix II|Felix II]]''<br />{{small|'''''FELIX''' Secundus''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|55 / 65
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Roman citizen]]. In opposition to [[Pope Liberius]]. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor [[Constantius II]].
{{pope list item portraitless
| 37
| 1 October 366 –<br />11 December 384<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|366|10|1|384|12|11}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Damasus I|Damasus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''DAMASVS'''}}
| c. 305 [[Idanha-a-Nova|Egitania]], [[Lusitania]] or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 60 / 78
| [[Roman citizen]]. The first pope from modern-day [[Portugal]]. Patron of [[Jerome]], commissioned the [[Vulgate]] translation of the Bible. Pope during the [[First Council of Constantinople]] (381), the second ecumenical council. [[Council of Rome]] (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after the Emperor [[Gratian]] abdicates the title of "[[Pontifex Maximus]]".
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 1 October 366 –<br />16 November 367<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|366|10|1|367|11|16}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Ursicinus|Ursinus]]''<br />{{small|'''''VRSINVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Roman citizen]]. In opposition to [[Damasus I]]. Banished to [[Gallia]] by Emperor [[Valentinian II]] after a war between two sects and died after 384.
{{pope list item portraitless
| 38
| 17 December 384 –<br />26 November 399<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|384|12|17|399|11|26}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Siricius|Siricius]]'''<br />{{small|'''SIRICIVS'''}}
| c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 50 / 65
| [[Roman citizen]]. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius' important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop [[Himerius of Tarragona]]), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Siricius |title=Saint Siricius|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411175106/http://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Siricius|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 39
| 27 November 399 –<br />19 December 401<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|399|11|27|401|12|19}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Anastasius I|Anastasius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANASTASIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the [[Gospels]].
}}
{{pope list end}}

====5th century====

{{pope list begin portraitless|title=Popes of the 5th century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 40
| 21 December 401 –<br />12 March 417<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|401|12|21|417|3|12}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Innocent I|Innocent I]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS'''}}
| [[Albano Laziale|Albanum]], [[Latium]] et Campania, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Visigoth [[Sack of Rome (410)]] under [[Alaric I]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 41
| 18 March 417 –<br />26 December 418<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|417|3|18|418|12|26}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Zosimus|Zosimus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ZOSIMVS'''}}
| [[Mesoraca|Messurga]], [[Lucania]] et Bruttii, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 27 December 418 –<br />3 April 419<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|418|12|27|419|4|3}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Eulalius|Eulalius]]''<br />{{small|'''''EVLALIVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Roman citizen]]. In opposition to [[Pope Boniface I]]. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]], but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.
{{pope list item portraitless
| 42
| 28 December 418 –<br />4 September 422<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|418|12|28|422|9|4}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Boniface I|Boniface I]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFACIVS'''}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 43
| 10 September 422 –<br />27 July 432<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|422|9|10|432|7|27}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Celestine I|Celestine I]]'''<br />{{small|'''CAELESTINVS'''}}
| [[Campania]], Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the [[Council of Ephesus]] (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 44
| 31 July 432 –<br />18 August 440<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|432|7|31|440|8|18}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Sixtus III|Sixtus III]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYXTVS''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 45
| 29 September 440 –<br />10 November 461<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|440|9|29|461|11|10}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]]'''<br />"the Great"<br /><br />{{small|'''LEO''' MAGNVS}}
| [[Etruria]], Italia, Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]]. Convinced [[Attila the Hun]] to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced the [[Vandals]] to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote the [[Tome of Leo|''Tome'']] which was instrumental in the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451) and in defining the [[hypostatic union]]. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 18 February.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 46
| 19 November 461 –<br />29 February 468<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|461|11|19|468|2|29}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Hilarius|Hilary]]'''<br />{{small|'''HILARIVS'''}}
| Sardinia, Italy, [[Western Roman Empire]]
| 
| [[Roman citizen]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 47
| 3 March 468 –<br />10 March 483<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|468|3|3|483|3|10}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Simplicius|Simplicius]]'''<br />{{small|'''SIMPLICIVS'''}}
| [[Tivoli, Lazio|Tibur]], Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Odoacer#Duke of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]]. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by [[Odoacer]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 48
| 13 March 483 –<br />1 March 492<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|483|3|13|492|3|1}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Felix III|Felix III]]'''<br />{{small|'''FELIX''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Odoacer#Duke of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]]. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 49
| 1 March 492 –<br />21 November 496<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|492|3|1|496|11|21}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Gelasius I|Gelasius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''GELASIVS'''}}
| [[Kabylie|Mons Ferratus]], [[Quinquegentiani]], Africa, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Berber descent, later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]; the last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".<ref name="Papal Timeline">{{cite web |url=http://www.faithfirst.com/html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html |title=Papal Timeline |date=2005|access-date=3 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720180546/http://www.faithfirst.com/html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html|archive-date=20 July 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 50
| 24 November 496 –<br />19 November 498<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|496|11|24|498|11|19}})}}
| '''[[Pope Anastasius II|Anastasius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANASTASIVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]] of Greek descent, later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]. Tried to end the [[Acacian schism]] but it resulted in the [[Laurentian schism]]. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 51
| 22 November 498 –<br />19 July 514<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|498|11|22|514|7|19}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Symmachus|Symmachus]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYMMACHVS'''}}
| Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 22 November 498 –<br />Aug 506/8<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|498|11|22|506|8|1}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Laurentius|Laurence]]''<br />{{small|'''''LAVRENTIVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]. In opposition to [[Pope Symmachus|Symmachus]]. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King [[Theoderic the Great|Theodoric]] settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.
{{pope list end}}

====6th century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 6th century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 52
| 20 July 514 –<br />6 August 523<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|514|7|20|523|8|6}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Hormisdas|Hormisdas]]'''<br />{{small|'''HORMISDAS'''}}
| c. 450 [[Frosinone|Frusino]], Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 64 / 73
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]. Father of Pope Silverius. [[Acacian schism]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 53
| 13 August 523 –<br />18 May 526<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|523|8|13|526|5|18}})}}
| '''St [[Pope John I|John I]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES'''}}
| [[Siena|Sena Iulia]], Italy, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 54
| 12 July 526 –<br />22 September 530<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|526|7|12|530|9|22}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Felix IV|Felix IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''FELIX''' Quartus}}
| [[Samnium]], [[Kingdom of Odoacer]]
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]] of Roman descent. Sometimes called Felix III. Built [[Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome|Santi Cosma e Damiano]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 55
| 22 September 530 –<br />17 October 532<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|530|9|22|532|10|17}})}}
| '''[[Pope Boniface II|Boniface II]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFACIVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer
| 
| [[Ostrogoths|Ostrogoth]]; Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]. First [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] pope. Changed the numbering of the years in the [[Julian Calendar]] from the [[Era of the Martyrs]] to [[Anno Domini]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 22 September 530 –<br />14 October 530<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|530|9|22|530|10|14}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Dioscorus|Dioscore]]''<br />{{small|'''''DIOSCORVS'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|[[Alexandria]], [[Egypt|Aegyptus]], [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]]
| style="font-size:85%"|
|style="font-size:85%"| [[Byzantine Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] of Greek descent. In opposition to [[Pope Boniface II]]. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by [[Constantinople]], he died less than a month after his election.
{{pope list item portraitless
| 56
| 2 January 533 –<br />8 May 535<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|533|1|2|535|5|8}})}}
| '''[[Pope John II|John II]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Western Roman Empire
| 
| [[Roman citizen]], later a subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]]. First pope not to use his personal name, as it was associated with a Roman god, [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 57
| 13 May 535 –<br />22 April 536<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|535|5|2|536|4|22}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Agapetus I|Agapetus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''AGAPETVS'''}}
| Rome, [[Kingdom of Odoacer]]
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]] of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 17 April.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 58
| 8 June 536 –<br />11 March 537<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|536|6|8|537|3|11}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Silverius|Silverius]]'''<br />{{small|'''SILVERIVS'''}}
| [[Ceccano|Cicanum]], [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]]
| 
| Subject of [[Odoacer#Duke of Italy|Kingdom of Italy under Odoacer]] and later under [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|Ostrogoths]]. Was of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of [[Pope Hormisdas|Hormisdas]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 59
| 29 March 537 –<br />7 June 555<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|537|3|29|555|6|7}})}}
| '''[[Pope Vigilius|Vigilius]]'''<br />{{small|'''VIGILIVS'''}}
| Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the [[Second Council of Constantinople]] (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 60
| 16 April 556 –<br />4 March 561<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|556|4|16|561|3|4}})}}
| '''[[Pope Pelagius I|Pelagius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''PELAGIVS'''}}
| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica of [[Santi Apostoli, Rome|Santi Apostoli]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 61
| 17 July 561 –<br />13 July 574<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|561|7|17|574|7|13}})}}
| '''[[Pope John III|John III]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second Pope not to use his personal name.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 62
| 2 June 575 –<br />30 July 579<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|575|6|2|579|7|30}})}}
| '''[[Pope Benedict I|Benedict I]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS'''}}
| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 63
| 26 November 579 –<br />7 February 590<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|579|11|26|590|2|7}})}}
| '''[[Pope Pelagius II|Pelagius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''PELAGIVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
| 
| Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Ordered the construction of the [[Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 64
| 3 September 590 –<br />12 March 604<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|590|9|3|604|3|12}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]]'''<br />"the Great"<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' MAGNVS}}
| c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
| 50 / 64
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles [[Servus servorum Dei]] and [[Pontifex Maximus]]. Established the [[Gregorian chant]]. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]].
}}
{{pope list end}}

====7th century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 7th century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 65
| 13 September 604 –<br />22 February 606<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|604|9|13|606|2|22}})}}
| '''[[Pope Sabinian|Sabinian]]'''<br />{{small|'''SABINIANVS'''}}
| [[Blera]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the [[Byzantine Empire]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 66
| 19 February 607 –<br />12 November 607<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|607|2|19|607|11|12}})}}
| '''[[Pope Boniface III|Boniface III]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFACIVS''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek descent.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 67
| 15 September 608 –<br />8 May 615<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|608|9|15|615|5|8}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Boniface IV|Boniface IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFACIVS''' Quartus}}
| [[Marsica]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| Subject of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy]], later a [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 68
| 13 November 615 –<br />8 November 618<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|615|11|13|618|11|8}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Adeodatus I|Adeodatus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''ADEODATVS''' or '''DEVSDEDIT'''}}
| Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Deusdedit. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called [[papal bulls]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 69
| 23 December 619 –<br />25 October 625<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|619|12|23|625|10|25}})}}
| '''[[Pope Boniface V|Boniface V]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFACIVS''' Quintus}}
| [[Naples|Neapolis]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 70
| 27 October 625 –<br />12 October 638<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|625|10|27|638|10|12}})}}
| '''[[Pope Honorius I|Honorius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''HONORIVS'''}}
| [[Ceprano|Ceperanum]], Campania, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic and [[anathema]]tized by the [[Third Council of Constantinople]]. (680)
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 71
| 28 May 640 –<br />2 August 640<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|640|05|28|640|08|02}})}}
| '''[[Pope Severinus|Severinus]]'''<br />{{small|'''SEVERINVS'''}}
| Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 72
| 24 December 640 –<br />12 October 642<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|640|12|24|642|10|12}})}}
| '''[[Pope John IV|John IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Quartus}}
| [[Zadar|Iadera]], Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 73
| 24 November 642 –<br />14 May 649<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|642|11|24|649|5|14}})}}
| '''[[Pope Theodore I|Theodore I]]'''<br />{{small|'''THEODORVS'''}}
| [[Jerusalem|Hierosolyma]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. The last pope from [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. Planned the [[Lateran Council of 649]], but died before it could open.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 74
| 5 July 649 –<br />12 November 655<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|649|7|5|655|11|12}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Martin I|Martin I]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARTINVS'''}}
| Near [[Todi|Tuder]], [[Umbria]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 14 April.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 75
| 10 August 654 –<br />2 June 657<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|654|8|10|657|6|2}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Eugene I|Eugene I]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVGENIVS'''}}
| Rome, [[Duchy of Rome]], [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 76
| 30 July 657 –<br />27 January 672<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|657|7|30|672|1|27}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Vitalian|Vitalian]]'''<br />{{small|'''VITALIANVS'''}}
| [[Segni|Signia]], Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 77
| 11 April 672 –<br />17 June 676<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|672|4|11|676|6|17}})}}
| '''[[Pope Adeodatus II|Adeodatus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''ADEODATVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to [[Adeodatus I]] sometimes being called Deusdedit. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 78
| 2 November 676 –<br />11 April 678<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|676|11|2|678|4|11}})}}
| '''[[Pope Donus|Donus]]'''<br />{{small|'''DONVS'''}}
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 79
| 27 June 678 –<br />10 January 681<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|678|6|27|681|1|10}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Agatho|Agatho]]'''<br />{{small|'''AGATHO'''}}
| c. 577 [[Palermo|Panormus]], [[Sicily]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 101 / 104
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. Also revered as a saint in [[Eastern Christianity]], with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the [[Third Council of Constantinople]] (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 80
| 17 August 682 –<br />3 July 683<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|682|8|17|683|7|3}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Leo II|Leo II]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Secundus}}
| [[Aidone|Aydonum]], Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 81
| 26 June 684 –<br />8 May 685<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|684|6|26|685|5|8}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Benedict II|Benedict II]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 82
| 23 July 685 –<br />2 August 686<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|685|7|23|686|8|2}})}}
| '''[[Pope John V|John V]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Quintus}}
| [[Antioch]]ia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 83
| 21 October 686 –<br />21 September 687<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|686|10|21|687|9|21}})}}
| '''[[Pope Conon|Conon]]'''<br />{{small|'''CONON'''}}
| [[Thrace|Thracia]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 84
| 15 December 687 –<br />8 September 701<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|687|12|15|701|9|8}})}}
| '''St [[Pope Sergius I|Sergius I]]'''<br />{{small|'''SERGIVS'''}}
| Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.<ref name="Papal Timeline" />
}}
{{pope list end}}

====8th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 8th century}}
{{pope list item
| 85
| 30 October 701 –<br />11 January 705<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|701|10|30|705|01|11}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John VI|John VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Sextus}}
| Ioannes
| [[Ephesus]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came from [[Asia Minor]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 86
| 1 March 705 –<br />18 October 707<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|705|03|01|707|10|18}})}}
| [[File:Byzantinischer Mosaizist um 705 002.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope John VII|John VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Septimus}}
| Ioannes
| [[Rossano|Rossanum]], [[Calabria]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
}}
{{pope list item
| 87
| 15 January 708 –<br />4 February 708<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|708|1|15|708|2|4}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Sisinnius|Sisinnius]]'''<br />{{small|'''SISINNIVS'''}}
| Sisinnius
| Syria, [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
| 
| Born as subject of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]. Was Syrian.
}}
{{pope list item
| 88
| 25 March 708 –<br />9 April 715<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|708|03|25|715|04|09}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Constantine|Constantine]]'''<br />{{small|'''CONSTANTINVS'''}}
| Constantinus
| Syria, [[Umayyad Caliphate]]
| 
| Born as subject of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. Was Syrian. Last pope to visit [[Greece]] while in office, until [[John Paul II]] in 2001.
}}
{{pope list item
| 89
| 19 May 715 –<br />11 February 731<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|715|05|19|731|02|11}})}}
|
| '''St [[Pope Gregory II|Gregory II]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Secundus}}
| Gregorius
| 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome<br />(Eastern Roman Empire)
| 46 / 62
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held the [[Synod of Rome (721)]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 90
| 18 March 731 –<br />28 November 741<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|731|03|18|741|11|28}})}}
|[[File:178-7866 IMG - Gregorius III AV.png|178-7866 IMG – Gregorius III AV|80px]]| '''St [[Pope Gregory III|Gregory III]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Tertius}}
| Gregorius
| Syria, [[Umayyad Caliphate]]
| 
|Born as subject of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]; the last pope from [[Syria]]. The third pope to come from a [[Muslim]] country. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of [[Pope Francis|Francis]] in 2013.
}}
{{pope list item
| 91
| 3 December 741 –<br />22 March 752<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|741|12|03|752|03|22}})}}
|
[[File:Età di papa Zaccaria, cappella del primicerius Teodoro, Madonna in trono con Theodoto e la moglie, 741-752 (09).jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Zachary|Zachary]]'''<br />{{small|'''ZACHARIAS'''}}
| Zacharias
| [[Santa Severina|Sancta Severina]], Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 22 March 752 –<br />25 March 752<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|752|3|22|752|3|25}})}}<br />{{small|(Never took office as pope)}}
|
| [[Pope-elect Stephen|Stephen]]<br />{{small|'''STEPHANUS'''}}
| Stephanus
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"|[[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]]. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received [[episcopal consecration]]. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
{{pope list item
| 92
| 26 March 752 –<br />26 April 757<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|752|03|26|757|04|26}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen II|Stephen II]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Secundus}}
| 
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen III. The [[Donation of Pepin]]. Brother of [[Pope Paul I|Paul I]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 93
| 29 May 757 –<br />28 June 767<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|757|05|29|767|06|28}})}}
|
| '''St [[Pope Paul I|Paul I]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS'''}}
| Paulus
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent [[Papal States]]. Brother of [[Pope Stephen II|Stephen II]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 94
| 7 August 768 –<br />24 January 772<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|768|08|07|772|01|24}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen III|Stephen III]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Tertius}}
| Stephanus
| c. 720 Syracuse, [[Theme of Sicily|Sicily]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 42 / 46
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] (was of Greek ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the [[Lateran Council (769)]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 95
| 1 February 772 –<br />26 December 795<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|772|02|01|795|12|26}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Adrian I|Adrian I]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS'''}}
| Hadrianus
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent [[Papal States]]. Pope during the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
}}
{{pope list item
| 96
| 26 December 795 –<br />12 June 816<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|795|12|26|816|06|12}})}}
| [[File:Leo III Mosaic.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Leo III|Leo III]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Tertius}}
| Leo
| Rome, Duchy of Rome, [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], Eastern Roman Empire
| 
| [[Eastern Roman Empire|(Eastern) Roman citizen]] (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent [[Papal States]]. Crowned [[Charlemagne]] emperor on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the [[Holy Roman Empire]], requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its ruler's legitimacy.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====9th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 9th century}}
{{pope list item
| 97
| 22 June 816 –<br />24 January 817<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|816|6|22|817|1|24}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen IV|Stephen IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Quartus}}
|Stephanus
| Rome, [[Papal States]]
| 
| First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
}}
{{pope list item
| 98
| 25 January 817 –<br />11 February 824<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|817|1|25|824|2|11}})}}
| [[File:Pope Paschalis I. in apsis mosaic of Santa Prassede in Rome.gif|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Paschal I|Paschal I]]'''<br />{{small|'''PASCHALIS'''}}
| Paschalis
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Son of Bonosus and [[Episcopa Theodora]]. Credited with finding the body of [[Saint Cecilia]] in the [[Catacomb of Callixtus]], building the basilica of [[Santa Cecilia in Trastevere]] and the church of [[Santa Maria in Domnica]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 99
| 8 May 824 –<br />27 August 827<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|824|5|8|827|8|27}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Eugene II|Eugene II]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVGENIVS''' Secundus}}
| Eugenius
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 100
| 31 August 827 –<br />10 October 827<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|827|8|31|827|10|10}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Valentine|Valentine]]'''<br />{{small|'''VALENTINVS'''}}
| Valentinus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 101
| 20 December 827 –<br />25 January 844<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|827|12|20|844|1|25}})}}
| [[File:Gregory-IV (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory IV|Gregory IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Quartus}}
| Gregorius
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Rebuilt the atrium of [[St. Peter's Basilica]] and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 102
| 25 January 844 –<br />27 January 847<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|844|1|25|847|1|27}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Sergius II|Sergius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''SERGIVS''' Secundus}}
| Sergius
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 103
| 10 April 847 –<br />17 July 855<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|847|4|10|855|7|17}})}}
| [[File:Pope St. Leo IV.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Leo IV|Leo IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Quartus}}
| Leo
| Rome, Papal States
| 
|  Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]], was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 104
| 29 September 855 –<br />17 April 858<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|855|9|29|858|4|17}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict III|Benedict III]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Tertius}}
| Benedictus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 105
| 24 April 858 –<br />13 November 867<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|858|4|24|867|11|13}})}}
|
| '''St [[Pope Nicholas I|Nicholas I]]'''<br />"the Great"<br />{{small|'''NICOLAVS''' MAGNVS}}
| Nicolaus
| c. 800 Rome, Papal States
| 58 / 67
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Encouraged missionary activity.
}}
{{pope list item
| 106
| 14 December 867 –<br />14 December 872<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|867|12|14|872|12|14}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Adrian II|Adrian II]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Secundus}}
| Hadrianus
| c. 792 Rome, Papal States
| 75 / 80
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Pope during the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)|Council of Constantinople IV]] (869), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
}}
{{pope list item
| 107
| 14 December 872 –<br />16 December 882<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|872|12|14|882|12|16}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John VIII|John VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Octavus}}
|Ioannes
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. First pope to be assassinated.
}}
{{pope list item
| 108
| 16 December 882 –<br />15 May 884<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|882|12|16|884|5|15}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Marinus I|Marinus I]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARINVS'''}}
| Marinus
| [[Gallese]], Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
}}
{{pope list item
| 109
| 17 May 884 –<br />8 July 885<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|884|5|17|885|9|15}})}}
|
| '''St [[Pope Adrian III|Adrian III]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Tertius}}
| Hadrianus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
}}
{{pope list item
| 110
| September 885 –<br />14 September 891<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|885|9|14|891|9|4}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen V|Stephen V]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Quintus}}
| Stephanus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
}}
{{pope list item
| 111
| 6 October 891 –<br />4 April 896<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|891|10|6|896|4|4}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Formosus|Formosus]]'''<br />{{small|'''FORMOSVS'''}}
| Formosus| c. 816 [[Ostia Antica (district)|Ostia]], Papal States
| 75 / 80
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. In early 897 [[Posthumous execution|posthumously executed]] following the [[Cadaver Synod]]. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in 897.
}}
{{pope list item
| 112
| 11 April 896 –<br />26 April 896<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|896|4|11|896|4|26}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Boniface VI|Boniface VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFATIVS''' Sextus}}
| Bonifatius
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 113
| 22 May 896 –<br />14 August 897<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|896|5|22|897|8|14}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen VI|Stephen VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS'''}}
| Stephanus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous [[Cadaver Synod]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 114
| 14 August 897 –<br />Nov 897<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|897|8|1|897|11|1}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Romanus|Romanus]]'''<br />{{small|'''ROMANVS'''}}
| Romanus
| Gallese, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 115
| December 897 –<br />20 December 897<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|897|12|1|897|12|20}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Theodore II|Theodore II]]'''<br />{{small|'''THEODORVS''' Secundus}}
|Theodorus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]], of Greek ethnicity.
}}
{{pope list item
| 116
| 18 January 898 –<br />5 January 900<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|898|1|18|900|1|5}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John IX|John IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Nonus}}
|Ioannes
| [[Tivoli, Italy|Tivoli]], Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]], of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 117
| 1 February 900 –<br />30 July 903<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|900|2|1|903|7|30}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict IV|Benedict IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Quartus}}
|Benedictus
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list end}}

====10th century====

{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 10th century}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 118
| 30 July 903 –<br />Dec 903<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|903|7|30|903|12|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope Leo V|Leo V]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Quintus}}
| [[Ardea (RM)|Ardea]], Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Deposed and murdered.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| October 903 –<br /> January 904<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|903|10|1|904|1|1}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Christopher|Christopher]]''<br />{{small|'''''CHRISTOFORO'''''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Leo V|Leo V]].
{{pope list item portraitless
| 119
| 29 January 904 –<br />14 April 911<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|904|1|29|911|4|14}})}}
| '''[[Pope Sergius III|Sergius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''SERGIVS''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. "[[Saeculum obscurum]]" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the [[Papal Tiara]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 120
| 14 April 911 –<br />June 913<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|911|4|14|913|6|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope Anastasius III|Anastasius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANASTASIVS''' Tertius}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 121
| 7 July 913 –<br />5 February 914<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|913|7|7|914|2|5}})}}
| '''[[Pope Lando|Lando]]'''<br />{{small|'''LANDO'''}}
| [[Sabina (region)|Sabina]], Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name until [[Pope Francis|Francis]] (2013-)
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 122
| March 914 –<br />28 May 928<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|914|3|1|928|5|28}})}}
| '''[[Pope John X|John X]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Decimus}}
| [[Borgo Tossignano|Tossignano]], Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 123
| 28 May 928 –<br />Dec 928<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|928|5|28|928|12|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope Leo VI|Leo VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Sextus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 124
| 3 February 929 –<br />13 February 931<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|929|2|3|931|2|13}})}}
| '''[[Pope Stephen VII|Stephen VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Septimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 125
| 15 March 931 –<br />Dec 935<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|931|3|15|935|12|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XI|John XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Undecimus}}
| c. 910 (?) Rome, Papal States
| 21? / 25?
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Probably, according to the [[Liber Pontificalis]] and [[Liutprand of Cremona]], the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 126
| 3 January 936 –<br />13 July 939<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|936|1|3|939|7|13}})}}
| '''[[Pope Leo VII|Leo VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Septimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 127
| 14 July 939 –<br />30 October 942<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|939|7|14|942|10|30}})}}
| '''[[Pope Stephen VIII|Stephen VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Octavus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 128
| 30 October 942 –<br />1 May 946<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|942|10|30|946|5|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope Marinus II|Marinus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARINVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Erroneously also known as Martin III.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 129
| 10 May 946 –<br />8 November 955<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|946|5|10|955|11|8}})}}
| '''[[Pope Agapetus II|Agapetus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''AGAPETVS''' Secundus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 130
| 16 December 955 –<br />6 December 963<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|955|12|16|964|12|6}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XII|John XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Duodecimus}}
| c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States
| 18–25 / 26–33
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Third pope not to use his personal name (Octavian). Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "[[Saeculum obscurum]]".
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 6 December 963 –<br />26 February 964<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|963|12|6|964|2|26}})}}
| ''[[Pope Leo VIII|Leo VIII]]''<br />{{small|'''''LEO''' Octavus''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
|style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to [[Pope John XII|John XII]] and [[Pope Benedict V|Benedict V]]. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church.
{{pope list item portraitless
| 130
| 26 February 964 –<br />14 May 964<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|2|26|964|05|14}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XII|John XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Duodecimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Possibly murdered in 964.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 131
| 22 May 964 –<br />23 June 964<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|5|22|964|6|23}})}}
| '''[[Pope Benedict V|Benedict V]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Quintus}}
| Rome, Papal States
|
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to [[Pope Leo VIII|Leo VIII]] who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 132
| 23 June 964 –<br />1 March 965<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|6|23|965|3|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope Leo VIII|Leo VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Octavus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. An appointee of [[Emperor Otto I]], his pontificate occurred during the period known as the [[Saeculum obscurum]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 133
| 1 October 965 –<br />6 September 972<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|965|10|1|972|9|6}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XIII|John XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 134
| 19 January 973 –<br />8 June 974<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|973|1|19|974|6|8}})}}
| '''[[Pope Benedict VI|Benedict VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Sextus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]], was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| July 974 –<br />July 974<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|974|7|1|974|7|31}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Boniface VII|Boniface VII]]''<br />{{small|'''''BONFATIUS''' Septinus''}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]], born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to [[Pope Benedict VI|Benedict VI]] and [[Pope Benedict VII|Benedict VII]].
{{Pope list item portraitless
| 135
| October 974 –<br />10 July 983<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|974|10|01|983|7|10}})}}
| '''[[Pope Benedict VII|Benedict VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Septimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
|  Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 136
| December 983 –<br />20 August 984<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|983|12|1|984|8|20}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XIV|John XIV]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Quartus Decimus}}
| [[Pavia]], [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 
|  Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 20 August 984 –<br />20 July 985<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|984|08|20|985|07|20}})}}
| ''[[Antipope Boniface VII|Boniface VII]]''<br />{{small|'''BONFATIUS''' Septinus}}
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope John XIV|John XIV]] and [[Pope John XV|John XV]]

{{pope list item portraitless
| 137
| 20 August 985 –<br />1 April 996<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|985|8|20|996|4|1}})}}
| '''[[Pope John XV|John XV]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Quintus Decimus}}
| Rome, Papal States
| 
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
}}
{{pope list item portraitless
| 138
| 3 May 996 –<br />18 February 999<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|996|5|3|999|2|18}})}}
| '''[[Pope Gregory V|Gregory V]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Quintus}}
| c. 972 [[Stainach-Pürgg|Stainach]], [[Duchy of Carinthia]], Holy Roman Empire
| 24 / 27
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Carinthia]], the first official German pope and fifth not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| April 997 –<br />February 998<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|997|04|01|998|02|01}})}}
| ''[[Antipope John XVI|John XVI]]''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Sextus Decimus}}
| style="font-size:85%"|[[Rossano|Rossanum]], Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as an Eastern Roman citizen. In opposition to [[Pope Gregory V|Gregory V]]
{{pope list item portraitless
| 139
| 2 April 999 –<br />12 May 1003<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|999|4|2|1003|5|12}})}}
| '''[[Pope Sylvester II|Sylvester II]]'''<br />{{small|'''SILVESTER''' Secundus}}
| c. 945 [[Saint-Simon, Cantal|Belliac]], [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]
| 54 / 58
| Born Gerbert, a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]], who was the first French ([[Occitania|Occitan]]) pope.
}}
{{pope list end}}

===2nd millennium===
====11th century====
{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 11th century}}
{{pope list item
| 140
| 16 May 1003 –<br />6 November 1003<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1003|5|16|1003|11|6}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John XVII|John XVII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Septimus Decimus}}
| Giovanni Sicco
| c. 955 Rome, Papal States
| 48 / 48
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 141
| 25 December 1003 –<br />18 July 1009<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1003|12|25|1009|7|18}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John XVIII|John XVIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Duodevicesimus}}
| Giovanni Fasano
| c. 965 [[Rapagnano]],<br />Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 43 / 49
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.
}}
{{pope list item
| 142
| 31 July 1009 –<br />12 May 1012<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1009|7|31|1012|5|12}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Sergius IV|Sergius IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''SERGIVS''' Quartus}}
| Pietro Martino Boccadiporco<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 970 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 39 / 42
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 12 June 1012 –<br />31 December 1012<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1012|06|12|1012|12|31}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Gregory VI|Gregory VI]]''<br />{{small|'''''GREGORIVS''' Sextus''}}
| Gregorio
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]]
{{pope list item
| 143
| 18 May 1012 –<br />9 April 1024<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1012|5|18|1024|4|9}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Octavus}}
| Teofilatto di Tuscolo
| c. 980 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 32 / 44
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 144
| 14 May 1024 –<br />6 October 1032<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1024|5|14|1032|10|6}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John XIX|John XIX]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Undevicesimus}}
| Romano di Tuscolo
| c. 975 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 49 / 57
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Brother of Benedict VIII.
}}
{{pope list item
| 145
| 21 October 1032 –<br />31 December 1044<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1032|10|21|1044|12|31}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Nonus}}
| Teofilatto di Tuscolo
| Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 20 / 32 (†43)
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]; first term.
}}
{{pope list item
| 146
| 13 January 1045 –<br />10 March 1045<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|1|13|1045|3|10}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]]'''<br />{{small|'''SILVESTER''' Tertius}}
| Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani
| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 45 / 45 (†63)
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Validity of election questioned; considered [[antipope]]; deposed at the [[Council of Sutri]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 147
| 10 March 1045 –<br />1 May 1045<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|3|10|1045|5|1}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Nonus}}
| Teofilatto di Tuscolo
| Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 33 / 33 (†43)
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Second term; deposed at the [[Council of Sutri]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 148
| 5 May 1045 –<br />20 December 1046<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|5|5|1046|12|20}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Gregory VI|Gregory VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Sextus}}
| Giovanni Graziano [[Pierleoni family|Pierleoni]]
| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 45 / 46 (†48)
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Deposed at the [[Council of Sutri]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 149
| 24 December 1046 –<br />9 October 1047<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1046|12|24|1047|10|9}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Clement II|Clement II]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Secundus}}
| Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg
| c. 967 [[Hornburg]], [[Duchy of Saxony]], Holy Roman Empire
| 79 / 80
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Saxony]]. Appointed by [[Emperor Henry III|King Henry III]] at the [[Council of Sutri]]; crowned Henry III as emperor.
}}
{{pope list item
| 150
| 8 November 1047 –<br />17 July 1048<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1047|11|8|1048|7|17}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Nonus}}
| Teofilatto di Tuscolo
| 1012 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 35 / 36 (†43)
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
}}
{{pope list item
| 151
| 17 July 1048 –<br />9 August 1048<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1048|7|17|1048|8|9}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Damasus II|Damasus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''DAMASVS''' Secundus}}
| Poppo de Curagnoni
| c. 1000 [[Pildenau]], [[Duchy of Bavaria]], Holy Roman Empire
| 48 / 48
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Bavaria]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 152
| 12 February 1049 –<br />19 April 1054<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1049|2|12|1054|4|19}})}}
| [[File:Leon IX (crop).jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Leo IX|Leo IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Nonus}}
| Bruno von [[Count of Dagsburg|Egisheim-Dagsburg]]
| 21 July 1002 [[Eguisheim]], [[Duchy of Swabia]], Holy Roman Empire
| 47 / 51
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Swabia]]. In 1054, the mutual [[excommunication]]s of Leo IX's legate, cardinal [[Humbert of Silva Candida]], and Patriarch of Constantinople [[Michael I Cerularius]] began the [[East–West Schism]]. The [[anathema]]tizations were rescinded by [[Pope Paul VI]] and [[Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Patriarch Athenagoras]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite book |author=Deno John Geanakoplos |title=Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6PYWPWWhrUC&pg=PA263|access-date=3 March 2012 |date=15 September 1989 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-11884-6 |pages=263–|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310123001/https://books.google.com/books?id=_6PYWPWWhrUC&pg=PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item
| 153
| 13 April 1055 –<br />28 July 1057<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1055|4|13|1057|7|28}})}}
| [[File:Gebhard I Bischof von Eichstätt, als Victor II Papst.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Victor II|Victor II]]'''<br />{{small|'''VICTOR''' Secundus}}
| Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg
| c. 1018 [[Duchy of Swabia]], Holy Roman Empire
| 37 / 39
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Swabia]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 154
| 2 August 1057 –<br />29 March 1058<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1057|8|2|1058|3|29}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Stephen IX|Stephen IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''STEPHANVS''' Nonus (Decimus)}}
| Frederich<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1020 [[Lorraine (duchy)|Duchy of Lorraine]], Holy Roman Empire
| 37 / 38
| Born as a subject of the [[Lorraine (duchy)|Duchy of Lorraine]]. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 4 April 1058 –<br /> 24 January 1059<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1058|4|4|1059|01|24}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Benedict X|Benedict X]]''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Decimus}}
| Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Nicholas II|Nicholas II]].
{{pope list item
| 155
| 6 December 1058 –<br />27 July 1061<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1058|12|6|1061|7|27}})}}
| [[File:Robertoilguiscardo.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Nicholas II|Nicholas II]]'''<br />{{small|'''NICOLAVS''' Secundus}}
| Gerald de Bourgogne
| c. 980 [[Mercury, Savoie|Château de Chevron]], [[County of Savoy]], Holy Roman Empire
| 78 / 81
| Born as a subject of the [[County of Savoy]], was of French ethnicity. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document ''[[In nomine Domini]]''.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| [[1061 papal election|30 September 1061]] –<br /> 1072<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1061|9|30|1072|4|2}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Honorius II|Honorius II]]''<br />{{small|'''HONORIVS''' Secundus}}
| Pietro Candalus
| style="font-size:85%"|1010 [[Verona]], [[March of Verona]], Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|61 / 72
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[March of Verona]], was of Italian ethnicity (born after the ''[[Placiti Cassinesi]]'' was written). In opposition to [[Pope Alexander II]]
{{pope list item
| 156
| [[1061 papal election|30 September 1061]] –<br />21 April 1073<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1061|9|30|1073|4|21}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Secundus}}
| Anselmo da Baggio
| c. 1018 [[Baggio (district of Milan)|Baggio]], [[History of Milan#Middle Ages|Free Commune of Milan]], Holy Roman Empire
| 46 / 58
| Citizen of the [[History of Milan#Middle Ages|Free Commune of Milan]]. Authorized the [[Norman conquest of England]] in 1066.
}}
{{pope list item
| 157
| [[1073 papal election|22 April 1073]] –<br />25 May 1085<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1073|4|22|1085|5|25}})}}
| [[File:Gregorius (Vita Gregorii VII).jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Septimus}}
| Ildebrando [[Aldobrandeschi family|Aldobrandeschi]] di Soana<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1015 [[Sovana]], [[March of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 48 / 60
| Subject of the [[March of Tuscany]], was of Lombard ethnicity. Initiated the [[Gregorian Reform]]s. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome.<ref name=EncChrPope /> Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Political struggle with [[Emperor Henry IV]], who had to go to [[Canossa]] (1077).
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 25 June 1080 –<br /> 8 September 1100<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1080|06|25|1100|09|08}})}}
| [[File:Clement III - Antipope (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]]''<br />{{small|'''''CLEMENS''' Tertius''}}
| Guibert of Ravenna
| style="font-size:85%"|1029 [[Ravenna]], Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|51 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|In opposition to [[Pope Gregory VII]], [[Pope Victor III]], [[Pope Urban II]] and [[Pope Paschal II]].
{{pope list item
| 158
| [[1086 papal election|24 May 1086]] –<br />16 September 1087<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1086|5|24|1087|9|16}})}}
| [[File:Victor III. - Desiderius of Montecassino.jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Victor III|Victor III]]'''<br />{{small|'''VICTOR''' Tertius}}
| Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1026 [[Benevento]], [[Duchy of Benevento]]
| 60 / 61
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Benevento]], was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.
}}
{{pope list item
| 159
| [[1088 papal election|12 March 1088]] –<br />29 July 1099<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1088|3|12|1099|7|29}})}}
| [[File:Urbano II in consacrazione de l'altare del monastero di Cluny (detail).png|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Urban II|Urban II]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Secundus}}
| Odon de Lagery<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1042 [[Châtillon-sur-Marne]], [[County of Champagne]], France
| 46 / 57
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. Preached and started the [[First Crusade]]. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 160
| [[1099 papal election|13 August 1099]] –<br />21 January 1118<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1099|8|13|1118|1|21}})}}
| [[File:Pope Paschal-II 1107.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]]'''<br />{{small|'''PASCHALIS''' Secundus}}
| Rainero Ranieri<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1050 [[Bleda (Santa Sofia)|Bleda]], [[March of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 49 / 68
| Born as a subject of the [[March of Tuscany]], was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Ordered the building of the basilica of [[Santi Quattro Coronati]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 8 September 1100 –<br /> January 1101<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1100|09|08|1101|01|01}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]]''<br />{{small|'''''THEODORICVS'''''}}
| Teodorico
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 1030 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]], was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Paschal II]]
{{pope list end}}

====12th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 12th century}}

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| January 1101 –<br /> February 1102<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1101|1|1|1102|2|1}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Adalbert|Adalbert]]''<br />{{small|'''''ADALBERTVS'''''}}
| Adalberto<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]], was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Paschal II]]

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
| 8 November 1105 –<br />11 April 1111<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1105|11|08|1111|04|11}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Sylvester IV|Sylvester IV]]''<br />{{small|'''''SILVESTER''' Quartus''}}
| Maguinulf
| style="font-size:85%"|1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|49 / 55 (†56)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]], was of German ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]].

{{pope list item
| 161
| [[1118 papal election|24 January 1118]] –<br />29 January 1119<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|1|24|1119|1|29}})}}
| [[File:Gelasius-II.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''GELASIVS''' Secundus}}
| Giovanni [[Caetani family|Caetani]]<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1061 [[Gaeta]], [[Duchy of Gaeta]]
| 57 / 58
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Gaeta]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 10 March 1118 –<br />20 April 1121<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|3|10|1121|04|20}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]]''<br />{{small|'''''GREGORIVS''' Octavus''}}
| Maurice Baurdain
| style="font-size:85%"|c. 1060 [[Limousin (province)|Limousin]], [[Occitania]], France
| style="font-size:85%"|58 / 61 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]], was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]] and [[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]].
{{pope list item
| 162
| [[1119 papal election|2 February 1119]] –<br />13 December 1124<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1119|2|2|1124|12|13}})}}
| [[File:Calixtus II.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''CALLISTVS''' Secundus}}
| Guy
| c. 1060 [[Quingey]], [[County of Burgundy]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 59 / 64
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[County of Burgundy]], was of French ethnicity. Opened the [[First Council of the Lateran]] in 1123.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| [[1124 papal election|16 December 1124]]–<br />16 December 1124<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|16|1124|12|16}})}}
|
| ''[[Teobaldo Boccapecci|Celestine II]]''<br />{{small|'''''COELESTINVS''' Secundus''}}
| Teobaldo Boccapecora
| style="font-size:85%"|1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|74 / 74 (†76)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Honorius II|Honorius II]].
{{pope list item
| 163
| [[1124 papal election|21 December 1124]] –<br />13 February 1130<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|21|1130|2|13}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Honorius II|Honorius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''HONORIVS''' Secundus}}
| Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano<br />[[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| 9 February 1060 [[Casalfiumanese|Fiagnano]], [[Papal States]], Holy Roman Empire
| 64 / 70
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the [[Knights Templar]] in 1128.
}}
{{pope list item
| 164
| [[1130 papal election|14 February 1130]] –<br />24 September 1143<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|2|14|1143|9|24}})}}
| [[File:B Innozenz II1 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Secundus}}
| Gregorio Papareschi<br />[[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1082 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 48 / 61
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canon regular of Lateran. Convened the [[Second Council of the Lateran]], 1139.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| [[1130 papal election|14 February 1130]] –<br />25 January 1138<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|2|14|1138|1|25}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Anacletus II|Anacletus II]]''<br />{{small|'''''ANACLETUS''' Secundus''}}
| Pietro Pierleoni<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|40 / 48
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]].

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 15 March 1138 –<br />29 May 1138<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1138|3|15|1138|5|29}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Victor IV (1138)|Victor IV]]''<br />{{small|'''''VICTOR''' Quartus''}}
| Gregorio Conti
| style="font-size:85%"|Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|—
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of throne the [[Papal States]]. In Opposition to [[Pope Innocent II]]

{{pope list item
| 165
| [[1143 papal election|26 September 1143]] –<br />8 March 1144<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1143|9|26|1144|3|8}})}}
| [[File:Pope Celestine, St William and an unidentified Prelate, East Window, York Minster.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Celestine II|Celestine II]]'''<br />{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Secundus}}
| Guido Guelfuccio de Castello
| c. 1085 [[Città di Castello]], Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 58 / 59
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 166
| [[1144 papal election|12 March 1144]] –<br />15 February 1145<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1144|3|12|1145|2|15}})}}
| [[File:Pope Lucius II (1493).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''LUCIVS''' Secundus}}
| Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso<br />[[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1079 [[Bologna]], [[Papal States]], Holy Roman Empire
| 65 / 66
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
}}
{{pope list item
| 167
| [[1145 papal election|15 February 1145]] –<br />8 July 1153<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1145|2|15|1153|7|8}})}}
| [[File:Consécration par EUgène III (Cropped).jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Eugene III|Eugene III]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVGENIVS''' Tertius}}
| Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno<br />[[Cistercians|O.Cist.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/religion/3309020/replies?c=9 |title=Blessed Eugene III|access-date=9 July 2015|archive-date=11 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711032850/http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/religion/3309020/replies?c=9|url-status=live}}</ref>
| c. 1080 [[Montemagno, Piedmont|Montemagno]], [[Republic of Pisa]], Holy Roman Empire
| 44 / 73
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Pisa]]. Member of the [[Cistercians|Order of Cistercians]]. Announced the [[Second Crusade]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 168
| [[1153 papal election|12 July 1153]] –<br />3 December 1154<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1153|7|12|1154|12|3}})}}
| [[File:Paus Anastasius IV Anastasius quartus (titel op object) Liber Chronicarum (serietitel), RP-P-2016-49-67-1.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastasius IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''ANASTASIVS''' Quartus}}
| Corrado Demitri della [[Suburra]]
| c. 1073 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 80 / 81
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 169
| [[1154 papal election|4 December 1154]] –<br />1 September 1159<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1154|12|4|1159|9|1}})}}
| [[File:Adrian IV, servus servorum dei (cropped).png|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Quartus}}
| Nicholas [[Breakspeare|Breakspear]]<br />[[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1100 [[Abbots Langley]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Kingdom of England]]
| 54 / 59
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of England]]. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to [[Henry II of England|Henry II]], King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery.
}}
{{pope list item
| 170
| [[1159 papal election|7 September 1159]] –<br />30 August 1181<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|9|7|1181|8|30}})}}
| [[File:Becket bids farewell to the Pope - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 1v - BL Loan MS 88 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Tertius}}
| Rolando Bandinelli
| c. 1100 [[Siena]], [[March of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 59 / 81
| Born as a subject of the [[March of Tuscany]]. Convened the [[Third Council of the Lateran]], 1179.
}}

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| [[1159 papal election|7 September 1159]] –<br />20 April 1164<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|9|7|1164|4|20}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]]''<br />{{small|'''''VICTOR''' Quartus''}}
| Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
| style="font-size:85%"|1095 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|64 / 69
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III]].

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 28 April 1164 –<br />22 September 1168<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1164|04|28|1168|09|22}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]]''<br />{{small|'''''PASCALIS''' Tertius''}}
| Guido di Crema
| style="font-size:85%"|1110 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|54 / 58
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 30 September 1168 –<br />29 August 1178<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1168|09|30|1178|08|29}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]]''<br />{{small|'''''CALLIXTVS''' Tertius''}}
| Giovanni di Struma<br />[[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|78 / 88
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].

|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 29 September 1179 –<br /> January 1180<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1179|09|29|1180|01|31}})}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Innocent III|Innocent III]]''<br />{{small|'''''INNOCENTIVS''' Tertius''}}
| Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo)
| style="font-size:85%"|1120 [[Sezze]], Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|59 / 60 (†63)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].

{{pope list item
| 171
| [[1181 papal election|1 September 1181]] –<br />25 November 1185<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1181|9|1|1185|11|25}})}}
| [[File:Lucius-III.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''LUCIVS''' Tertius}}
| Ubaldo Allucignoli
| c. 1100 [[Lucca]], [[March of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 81 / 85
| Born as a subject of the [[March of Tuscany]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 172
| [[1185 papal election|25 November 1185]] –<br />20 October 1187<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1185|11|25|1187|10|20}})}}
| [[File:Urban2 lat.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban III|Urban III]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Tertius}}
| Uberto Crivelli
| c. 1120 [[Cuggiono]], Holy Roman Empire
| 65 / 67
| Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and ''comune'' in the [[Metropolitan City of Milan]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 173
| [[October 1187 papal election|21 October 1187]] –<br />17 December 1187<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|10|21|1187|12|17}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Octavus}}
| Alberto de Morra<br />[[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1100 [[Benevento]], Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 87 / 87
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the [[Third Crusade]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 174
| [[December 1187 papal election|19 December 1187]] –<br />20 March 1191<ref name="CC">For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: ''Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III.'' Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211</ref><br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|12|19|1191|3|20}})}}
| [[File:SpeculumGrandmontis (Pope Clement III).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement III|Clement III]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Tertius}}
| Paolo Scolari
| c. 1130 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 57 / 61
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 175
| [[1191 papal election|30 March 1191]] –<br />8 January 1198<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1191|3|30|1198|1|8}})}}
|[[File:Coelestin III (cropped 2).png|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]]'''<br />{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Tertius}}
| Giacinto Bobone [[Orsini family|Orsini]]
| c. 1105 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 86 / 93
| Motto: {{lang|la|Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis}} {{small|("Going in Thy path")}}<br /> Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Confirmed the statutes of the [[Teutonic Knights]] as a military order.
}}
{{pope list item
| 176
| [[1198 papal election|8 January 1198]] –<br />16 July 1216<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1198|1|8|1216|7|16}})}}
| [[File:Innozenz3.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Tertius}}
| Lotario dei [[Conti di Segni]]
| 1161 [[Gavignano]], Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
| 37 / 55
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Convened the [[Fourth Council of the Lateran]], 1215. Initiated the [[Fourth Crusade]] but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the [[Holy Land]] and instead intended to sack Christian cities.<ref>Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East", History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948.</ref> Endorsed the [[Franciscan Order]].
}}
{{pope list end}}

====13th century====

{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 13th century}}
{{pope list item
| 177
| [[1216 papal election|18 July 1216]] –<br />18 March 1227<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1216|07|18|1227|03|18}})}}
| [[File:Vad-0321 025 Honorius III (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''HONORIVS'''<br />Tertius}}
| Cencio [[Savelli family|Savelli]]
| c. 1148–50 Rome, [[Papal States]], Holy Roman Empire
| 66–68 / 77–79
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Initiated the [[Fifth Crusade]]. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
}}
{{pope list item
| 178
| [[1227 papal election|19 March 1227]] –<br />22 August 1241<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1227|03|19|1241|08|22}})}}
| [[File:Gregory IX (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Nonus}}
| Ugolino dei Conti di [[Segni]], [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S]]
| c. 1145–70 [[Anagni]], [[Papal States]], Holy Roman Empire
| 57–82 / 71–96
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the [[Northern Crusades]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 179
| [[1241 papal election|25 October 1241]] –<br />10 November 1241<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1241|10|25|1241|11|10}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Celestine IV|Celestine IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Quartus}}
| Goffredo Castiglioni
| c. 1180–87 [[History of Milan#Middle Ages|Free Commune of Milan]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 54–61 / 54–61
| Born as a citizen of the [[History of Milan#Middle Ages|Free Commune of Milan]]. Died before coronation.
}}
{{pope list item
| 180<br />[[File:Blason famille Fieschi.svg|40px]]
| [[1243 papal election|25 June 1243]] –<br />7 December 1254<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1243|06|25|1254|12|07}})}}
| [[File:Innocent IV Council of Lyon etail.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Quartus}}
| Sinibaldo [[Fieschi]]
| c. 1195 [[Genoa]], [[Republic of Genoa]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 48 / 60
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Convened the [[First Council of Lyons]] (1245). Issued the bull [[Ad extirpanda]] that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
}}
{{pope list item
| 181<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo III.svg|40px]]
| [[1254 papal election|12 December 1254]] –<br />25 May 1261<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1254|12|12|1261|05|25}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Quartus}}
| Rinaldo dei [[Conti]] di Jenne
| c. 1199 [[Jenne, Italy|Jenne]], [[Papal States]]
| 55 / 62
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Established an Inquisition in France.
}}
{{pope list item
| 182<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Pope Urban IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1261 papal election|29 August 1261]] –<br />2 October 1264<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1261|08|29|1264|10|02}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Urban IV|Urban IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Quartus}}
| Jacques Pantaléon
| c. 1195 [[Troyes]], [[County of Champagne]], France
| 66 / 69
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. Instituted the [[Corpus Christi (feast)|feast of Corpus Christi]] (1264).
}}
{{pope list item
| 183<br />[[File:C o a Clemente IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1264–1265 papal election|5 February 1265]] –<br />29 November 1268<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1265|02|05|1268|11|29}})}}
| [[File:Tour Ferrande - Clément IV.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement IV|Clement IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS'''<br />Quartus}}
| Gui Faucoi
| 23 November 1190 [[Saint-Gilles, Gard|Saint-Gilles]], Languedoc, France
| 62 / 66
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]].
}}
{{pope list item
| interregnum=yes
| 29 November 1268 –<br />1 September 1271<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1268|11|29|1271|09|01}})}}
| Almost three-year [[1268–1271 papal election|period]] without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
}}
{{pope list item
| 184<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio X.svg|40px]]
| [[1268–1271 papal election|1 September 1271]] –<br />10 January 1276<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1271|09|01|1276|01|10}})}}
| [[File:NoccoloAndMaffeoPoloWithGregoryX (Gregory X).JPG|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Gregory X|Gregory X]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Decimus}}
| Tebaldo Visconti, [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S]]
| c. 1210 [[Piacenza|Free Commune of Piacenza]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 51 / 66
| Born as a citizen of the [[Piacenza|Free Commune of Piacenza]], was of Italian ethnicity. Convened the [[Second Council of Lyons]] (1274), responsible for regulating all [[papal conclaves]] until the 20th century.
}}
{{pope list item
| 185<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo V.svg|40px]]
| [[January 1276 papal conclave|21 January 1276]] –<br />22 June 1276<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|01|21|1276|06|22}})}}
| [[File:InnocenzoV.jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Innocent V|Innocent V]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Quintus}}
| Pierre de Tarentaise, [[Dominican Order|O.P.]]
| c. 1224/5 [[County of Savoy]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 52 / 52
| Born as a subject of the [[County of Savoy]], was of French ethnicity. Member of the [[Dominican Order]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 186<br />[[File:C o a Adriano V.svg|40px]]
| [[July 1276 papal conclave|11 July 1276]] –<br />18 August 1276<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|07|11|1276|08|18}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Adrian V|Adrian V]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Quintus}}
| Ottobuono [[Fieschi]]
| c. 1216 [[Genoa]], [[Republic of Genoa]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| 60 / 60
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
}}
{{pope list item
| 187<br />[[File:C o a Giovanni XXI.svg|40px]]
| [[September 1276 papal election|8 September 1276]] –<br />20 May 1277<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|09|08|1277|05|20}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope John XXI|John XXI]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Vicesimus Primus}}
| Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)
| c. 1215 [[Lisbon]], Portugal
| 60 / 70
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Portugal]]. Due to a confusion over the [[Pope John (numbering)|numbering of popes named John]] in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.}}
{{pope list item
| 188<br />[[File:C o a Niccolo III.svg|40px]]
| [[1277 papal election|25 November 1277]] –<br />22 August 1280<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1277|11|25|1280|08|22}})}}
| [[File:Scuola romana, affreschi del sancta sanctorum, 1280 ca., Niccolò III dona la chiesa ai ss. pietro e paolo 03 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]]'''<br />{{small|'''NICOLAVS'''<br />Tertius}}
| Giovanni Gaetano [[Orsini family|Orsini]]
| c. 1216 Rome, [[Papal States]]
| 61 / 64
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Planned the [[Sicilian Vespers]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 189<br />[[File:C o a Martino IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1280–1281 papal election|22 February 1281]] –<br />28 March 1285<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1281|02|22|1285|03|28}})}}
| [[File:Louis9 Canonization (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Martin IV|Martin IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARTINVS''' Quartus}}
| Simon de Brion
| c. 1210 Meinpicien, [[Touraine]], France
| 71 / 75
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 190<br />[[File:C o a Onorio IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1285 papal election|2 April 1285]] –<br />3 April 1287<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1285|04|02|1287|04|03}})}}
|
| '''[[Pope Honorius IV|Honorius IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''HONORIVS''' Quartus}}
| Giacomo [[Savelli family|Savelli]]
| c. 1210 Rome, [[Papal States]]
| 75 / 77
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 191<br />[[File:C o a Niccolo IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1287–1288 papal election|22 February 1288]] –<br />4 April 1292<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1288|02|22|1292|04|04}})}}
| [[File:Papa Niccolò IV, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore a Roma.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Nicholas IV|Nicholas IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''NICOLAVS''' Quartus}}
| Girolamo Masci, [[Franciscan|O.F.M.]]
| 30 September 1227 Lisciano, [[Papal States]]
| 60 / 64
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Franciscan]] Order.
}}
{{pope list item
| interregnum=yes
| 4 April 1292 –<br />5 July 1294<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1292|04|04|1294|07|05}})}}
| Two-year [[1292–1294 papal election|period]] without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
}}
{{pope list item
| 192<br />[[File:C o a Celestino V.svg|40px]]
| [[1292–1294 papal election|5 July 1294]] –<br />13 December 1294<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1294|07|05|1294|12|13}})}}
| [[File:Celestine V Castel Nuovo Napoli n02.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Celestine V|Celestine V]]'''<br />{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Quintus}}
| Pietro Angelerio, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| 1215<ref name=Loughlin1908>{{cite book |last=Loughlin |first=JF |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=3 |chapter=Pope St. Celestine V |publisher=Robert Appleton Company |location=New York |year=1908|chapter-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479b.htm|title-link=s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Volume 3|access-date=23 December 2022|archive-date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509181417/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Sant'Angelo Limosano, [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
| 79 / 79 (†81)
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]]. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Founded the [[Celestines]]. Resigned from office and rumoured to have been murdered in prison by [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 193<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Bonifacius VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1294 papal conclave|24 December 1294]] –<br />11 October 1303<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1294|12|24|1303|10|11}})}}
| [[File:Giotto - Bonifatius VIII.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFATIVS''' Octavus}}
| Benedetto [[Caetani family|Caetani]]
| c. 1230–36 [[Anagni]], [[Papal States]]
| 59–64 / 68–73
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Formalized the [[Jubilee (Christianity)|Jubilee]] in 1300. Issued ''[[Unam Sanctam]]'' (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====14th century====

{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 14th century}}
{{pope list item
| 194<br />[[File:C o a Benedictus XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1303 papal conclave|22 October 1303]] –<br />7 July 1304<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1303|10|22|1304|07|07}})}}
| [[File:Coronation of Benedict XI.jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Benedict XI|Benedict XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Undecimus}}
| Niccolò Boccasini, [[Dominican Order|O.P.]]
| c. 1240 [[Treviso]], [[Papal States]]
| 63 / 64
| Motto: {{lang|la|Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum}} {{small|("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant")}}
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Dominican Order]]. Reverted Boniface VIII's ''[[Unam Sanctam]]''.
}}
{{pope list item
| 195<br />[[File:C o a Clemens V.svg|40px]]
| [[1304–1305 papal conclave|5 June 1305]] –<br />20 April 1314<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1305|06|05|1314|04|20}})}}
| [[File:Sou d'or de Clément V frappé à Sorgues 1310.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement V|Clement V]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Quintus}}
| Raymond Bertrand de Gouth
| c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France
| 41 / 50
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Convened the [[Council of Vienne]] (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull ''Pastoralis Praeeminentiae'' under pressure from King [[Philip IV of France]].
}}
{{pope list item
| interregnum=yes
| 20 April 1314 –<br />7 August 1316<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1314|04|20|1316|07|08}})}}
| Two-year [[1314–1316 papal conclave|period]] without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
}}
{{pope list item
| 196<br />[[File:C o a Johannes XXII.svg|40px]]
| [[1314–1316 papal conclave|7 August 1316]] –<br />4 December 1334<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1316|08|07|1334|12|04}})}}
| [[File:Stato della chiesa, carlino di giovanni XXII, 1316-1334.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope John XXII|John XXII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Vicesimus Secundus}}
| Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse
| c. 1244–49 [[Cahors]], [[Quercy]], France
| 67–72 / 85–90
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Controversial for his views on the [[beatific vision]]. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading [[William of Ockham]] to write against unlimited papal power
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />
| 12 May 1328–<br />25 July 1330<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1328|05|12|1330|07|25}})}}
| [[File:Antipope-Nicholas V.jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Nicholas V|Nicholas V]]''<br />{{small|'''''NICOLAVS''''' Quintus}}
| Pietro Rainalducci,<br /> [[Order of Friars Minor|O.F.M.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|1260 [[Corvaro]], [[Papal States]]
| style="font-size:85%"|68 / 70 (†73)
| style="font-size:85%"|Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope John XXII|John XXII]].
{{pope list item
| 197<br />[[File:C o a Benedictus XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1334 papal conclave|20 December 1334]] –<br />25 April 1342<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1334|12|20|1342|04|25}})}}
| [[File:Benoît XII Paolo de Siena 1341 crypte de St Pierre de Rome.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Benedict XII|Benedict XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Jacques Fournier, [[Cistercians|O.Cist.]]
| c. 1280–85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France
| 49–54 / 57–62
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Member of the [[Cistercians|Order of Cistercians]]. Known for issuing the [[Apostolic constitution]] ''[[Benedictus Deus (Benedict XII)|Benedictus Deus]]'' (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
}}
{{pope list item
| 198<br />[[File:C o a Beaufort Popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1342 papal conclave|7 May 1342]] –<br />6 December 1352<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1342|05|07|1352|12|06}})}}
| [[File:01 Clément VI (Fresque de la chapelle Saint-Martial du palais des papes).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement VI|Clement VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Sextus}}
| Pierre Roger, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France
| 51 / 61
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Reigned during the [[Black Death]] and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
}}
{{pope list item
| 199<br />[[File:C o a Inocentius VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1352 papal conclave|18 December 1352]] –<br />12 September 1362<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1352|12|18|1362|09|12}})}}
| [[File:Innocent VI.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent VI|Innocent VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Sextus}}
| Étienne Aubert
| c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France
| 70 / 80
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Through his exertions the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] (1360) was brought about.
}}
{{pope list item
| 200<br />[[File:C o a Urbanus V.svg|40px]]
| [[1362 papal conclave|28 September 1362]] –<br />19 December 1370<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1362|09|28|1370|12|19}})}}
| [[File:Urbain V - Pinacotèque de Bologne (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Urban V|Urban V]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Quintus}}
| Guillaume (de) Grimoard, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1309–10 Grizac, Languedoc, France
| 52–53 / 60–61
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and [[Asia]]. His pontificate witnessed the [[Alexandrian Crusade|Alexandrian]] and [[Savoyard crusade]]s.
}}
{{pope list item
| 201<br />[[File:C o a Beaufort Popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1370 papal conclave|30 December 1370]] –<br />27 March 1378<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1370|12|30|1378|03|27}})}}
| [[File:Duke of Anjou leading Pope Gregory XI to the palace at Avignon, while cardinals follow (cropped).png|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XI|Gregory XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Undecimus}}
| Pierre Roger de Beaufort
| c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France
| 41 / 49
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. [[Avignon Papacy|Pope at Avignon]]; returns to Rome. The last [[French people|French]] pope.
}}
{{pope list item
| 202<br />[[File:C o a Urbanus VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1378 papal conclave|8 April 1378]] –<br />15 October 1389<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1378|04|08|1389|10|15}})}}
| [[File:Tomb of pope Urbanus VI detail.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban VI|Urban VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Sextus}}
| Bartolomeo Prignano
| c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
| 60 / 71
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. [[Western Schism]]. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:C o a Clemente VII (Avignone).svg|40px]]
| 20 September 1378 –<br />16 September 1394<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1378|9|28|1394|09|16}})}}
| [[File:GiacMaster Clement VII.jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Clement VII|Clement VII]]''<br />{{small|'''''CLEMENS''' Septimus''}}
| Robert de Genève
| style="font-size:85%"|1342 [[Chateau d'Annecy]], [[County of Savoy]], [[Holy Roman Empire|H.R.E.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|36 / 52
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. In opposition to [[Pope Urban VI|Urban VI]] (1378–89) and [[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]] (1389–1404)

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:C o a Benedetto XIII (Avignone).svg|40px]]
| 28 September 1394 –<br />23 May 1423<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1394|09|28|1423|05|23}})}}
| [[File:Antipope Benedictus XIII.jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]]''<br />{{small|'''''BENEDICTVS''' Tertius Decimus''}}
| Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
| style="font-size:85%"|25 November 1328 [[Illueca]], [[Aragon]]
| style="font-size:85%"|66 / 94
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Aragon]]. In opposition to [[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]] (1389–1404), [[Pope Innocent VII|Innocent VII]] (1404–06), [[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]] (1406–15), [[Pope Martin V|Martin V]] (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes [[Antipope Alexander V|Alexander V]] (1409–10) and [[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]] (1410–15)
{{pope list item
| 203<br />[[File:C o a Bonifacio IX.svg|40px]]
| [[1389 papal conclave|2 November 1389]] –<br />1 October 1404<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1389|11|02|1404|10|01}})}}
| [[File:Nuremberg Chronicle f 232v (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''BONIFATIVS''' Nonus}}
| Pietro Tomacelli [[Cybo]]
| c. 1348–50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
| c. 39-41 / c. 54-56
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. [[Western Schism]].
}}
{{pope list end}}

====15th century====
<!--
* {{note label|Note00|R|R}} This pope resigned his office.
* {{note label|Note01|B|B}} The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.
-->
{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 15th century}}
{{pope list item
| 204<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo VII.svg|40px]]
| [[1404 papal conclave|17 October 1404]] –<br />6 November 1406<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1404|10|17|1406|11|06}})}}
| [[File:Nuremberg Chronicles f 235v 1 (Innocentius VII).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent VII|Innocent VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Septimus}}
| Cosimo Gentile Migliorati
| 1336–39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples
| 65–68 / 67–71
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. Reigned during the [[Western Schism]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 205<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1406 papal conclave|30 November 1406]] –<br />4 July 1415<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1406|11|30|1415|07|04}})}}
| [[File:Joos Van Wassenhove e Pedro Berruguete – San Gregorio – Galleria Nazionale delle Marche.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Angelo [[Correr]]
| 1327 [[Venice]], [[Republic of Venice]]<ref name=ott>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07001a.htm Ott, Michael. "Pope Gregory XII." The Catholic Encyclopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702101156/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07001a.htm |date=2 July 2012 }} Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 30 December 2015</ref>
| c. 79 / 88 (†90)
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Reigned during the [[Western Schism]]. Abdicated.
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:C o a Alexander V (antipapa).svg|40px]]
| [[Council of Pisa|30 June 1409]] –<br />3 May 1410<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1409|06|30|1410|05|03}})}}
| [[File:Nuremberg Chronicles f 235v 3 (Alexander V).jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Alexander V|Alexander V]]''<br />{{small|'''''ALEXANDER''' Quintus''}}
| Pétros Philárgēs,<br />[[Order of Friars Minor|O.F.M.]]
| style="font-size:85%"|1339 [[Neapoli, Crete|Neapoli]], [[Crete|Candia]], [[Republic of Venice]]
| style="font-size:85%"|70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Was of Greek ethnicity. [[Western Schism]]. In opposition to [[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]]. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day.

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:C o a Giovanni XXIII (Pisa).svg|40px]]
| 25 May 1410 –<br />30 May 1415<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1410|05|25|1415|05|30}})}}
| [[File:Johannes XXIII. Gegenpapst 2.jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope John XXIII|John XXIII]]''<br />{{small|'''''IOANNES''' Vicesimus Tertius''}}
| Baldassarre Cossa
| style="font-size:85%"|1365 [[Procida]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]]
| style="font-size:85%"|45 / 50 (†54)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. [[Western Schism]]. In opposition to [[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]]. Convened [[Council of Constance]]. Deposed. Became [[dean of the College of Cardinals]] in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.

{{pope list item
| interregnum=yes
| 4 July 1415 –<br />11 November 1417<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1415|07|04|1417|11|17}})}}
| Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The [[Council of Constance]] called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) did. John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed, Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope was elected.
}}
{{pope list item
| 206<br />[[File:C o a Martino V.svg|40px]]
| [[Council of Constance|11 November 1417]] –<br />20 February 1431<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1417|11|11|1431|02|20}})}}
| [[File:Papa Martino V.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Martin V|Martin V]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARTINVS''' Quintus}}
| Oddone [[Colonna family|Colonna]], [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S]]
| Jan/Feb 1369 [[Genazzano]], Papal States
| 48 / 62
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378–1417). Convened the [[Council of Basel]] (1431). Initiated the [[Hussite Wars]].
}}
|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:C o a Antipope Clement VIII.svg|40px]]
| 10<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlExDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT588 |title=Dictionary of Popes |isbn=978-0-19-104479-3 |last1=Kelly |first1=J. N. D. |last2=Walsh |first2=Michael |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date = 18 October 2020|archive-date = 10 March 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240310123008/https://books.google.com/books?id=JlExDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT588#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status = live}}</ref> or 20<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clement-VIII-antipope |title=Clement (VIII) &#124; antipope |date=24 December 2023|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704165707/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clement-VIII-antipope|url-status=live}}</ref> June 1423 –<br />26 July 1429<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1423|06|20|1429|07|26}})}}
| [[File:Palma Antipapa Clemens VIII.JPG|80px]]
| ''[[Antipope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]]''<br />{{small|'''''CLEMENS''' Octavus''}}
| Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón
| style="font-size:85%"|1369 [[Teruel]], [[Aragon]]
| style="font-size:85%"|54 / 60 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Aragon]]. [[Western Schism]]. In opposition to [[Pope Martin V|Martin V]].

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" |
| 1424 –<br /> 1429<br />{{small|}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Benedict XIV]]''
| Bernard Garnier
| style="font-size:85%"|France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. Two antipope claimants<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYbeCQAAQBAJ&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA150 |isbn=978-0-7864-6116-5 |title=The Deaths of the Popes: Comprehensive Accounts, Including Funerals, Burial Places and Epitaphs |date=2010 |publisher=McFarland|access-date = 19 March 2023|archive-date = 7 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230407103428/https://books.google.com/books?id=EYbeCQAAQBAJ&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA150|url-status = live}}</ref>

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" |
| 1430 –<br /> 1437<br />{{small|}}
|
| ''[[Antipope Benedict XIV]]''
| Jean Carrier
| style="font-size:85%"|France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. Two antipope claimants<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA234 |isbn=978-0-7864-2071-1 |title=Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes |date= 2004 |publisher=McFarland|access-date = 19 March 2023|archive-date = 4 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404210737/https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA234|url-status = live}}</ref>

{{pope list item
| 207<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Pope Eugene IV.svg|40px]]
| [[1431 papal conclave|3 March 1431]] –<br />23 February 1447<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1431|03|03|1447|02|23}})}}
| [[File:PapstEugen.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''EVGENIVS''' Quartus}}
| Gabriele [[Condulmer family|Condulmer]], [[Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga|O.S.A.]]
| 1383 Venice, Republic of Venice
| 48 / 64
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Member of the [[Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga|Augustinian Order]]. Nephew of Gregory XII. Crowned [[Emperor Sigismund]] at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the [[Bubonic plague]]. Issued the bull "[[Creator Omnium]]", rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer the [[Canary Islands]], still pagan. He excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions.
}}

|-  style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy as Antipope Felix V.svg|40px]]
| [[Council of Florence#Rump Council of Basel|5 November 1439]] –<br />7 April 1449<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1439|11|05|1449|04|07}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Antipope Felix V.jpg|80px]]
| ''[[Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy|Felix V]]''<br />{{small|'''''FELIX''' Quintus''}}
| Amadeus
| style="font-size:85%"|4 September 1383 [[Chambéry]], [[France]]
| style="font-size:85%"|56 / 65 (†67)
| style="font-size:85%"|Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. In opposition to [[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amadeus-VIII |title=Amadeus VIII &#124; antipope and duke of Savoy |date=3 January 2024|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810205228/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amadeus-VIII|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Nicholas V]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicholas-V-pope |title=Nicholas V &#124; Vatican Library & Dum Diversas |date=11 November 2023|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=20 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220115747/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicholas-V-pope|url-status=live}}</ref> Also ruled as [[count of Savoy]].

{{pope list item
| 208<br />[[File:C o a Nicolaus V.svg|40px]]
| [[1447 papal conclave|6 March 1447]] –<br />24 March 1455<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1447|03|06|1455|03|24}})}}
| [[File:Paus Nicolaas V door Peter Paul Rubens.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Nicholas V|Nicholas V]]'''<br />{{small|'''NICOLAVS''' Quintus}}
| Tommaso Parentucelli
| 13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
| 49 / 57
| Born as a citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Held the [[Jubilee (Christian)|Jubilee]] of 1450. Crowned [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick III]] at Rome (1452). Issued the bull [[Dum Diversas]] allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the ''{{lang|la|[[Vatican Library|Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana]]}}''.
}}
{{pope list item
| 209<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Pope Callixtus III.svg|40px]]
| [[1455 papal conclave|8 April 1455]] –<br />6 August 1458<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1455|04|08|1458|08|06}})}}
| [[File:Pope Callixtus III Siena (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]]'''<br />{{small|'''CALLISTVS''' Tertius}}
| Alfonso de [[House of Borgia|Borja]]
| 31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon
| 76 / 79
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]] (and therefore subject to the monarch of the [[Crown of Aragon]]). The first Spanish ([[Valencians|Valencian]]) pope. Ordered the [[Feast of the Transfiguration]] to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the [[retrial of Joan of Arc]], in which she was vindicated.  Appointed two nephews as cardinals, one of whom became [[Pope Alexander VI]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 210<br />[[File:C o a Pio II.svg|40px]]
| [[1458 papal conclave|19 August 1458]] –<br />15 August 1464<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1458|08|19|1464|08|15}})}}
| [[File:Pintoricchio 012.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius II|Pius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Secundus}}
| Enea Silvio [[Piccolomini]]
| 18 October 1405 Corsignano, [[Republic of Siena]], Holy Roman Empire
| 52 / 58
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Siena]]. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded [[Pienza]] near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the ''Commentaries''.
}}
{{pope list item
| 211<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Pope Paul II (flat).svg|40px]]
| [[1464 papal conclave|30 August 1464]] –<br />26 July 1471<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1464|08|30|1471|07|26}})}}
| [[File:pietrobarbo.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Paul II|Paul II]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Secundus}}
| Pietro Barbo
| 23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice
| 47 / 54
| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now [[Palazzo Venezia]]). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
}}
{{pope list item
| 212<br />[[File:CoA della Rovere popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1471 papal conclave|9 August 1471]] –<br />12 August 1484<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1471|08|09|1484|08|12}})}}
| [[File:Joos Van Wassenhove e Pedro Berruguete – Sixtus Papa IV, Louvre.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Sixtus IV|Sixtus IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYXTVS''' Quartus}}
| Francesco [[della Rovere]], [[Franciscan|O.F.M.]]
| 21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
| 57 / 70
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Member of the [[Franciscan Order]]. Commissioned the [[Sistine Chapel]] and created the [[Vatican Archives]]. Authorized the [[Spanish Inquisition]] targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] of Spain. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Noted for his nepotism and involved in the [[Pazzi conspiracy]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 213<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1484 papal conclave|29 August 1484]] –<br />25 July 1492<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1484|08|29|1492|07|25}})}}
| [[File:Niccolò di forzore spinelli, medaglia di innocenzo viii 01.JPG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent VIII|Innocent VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Octavus}}
| Giovanni Battista [[Cybo]]
| 1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
| 52 / 60
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Appointed [[Tomás de Torquemada]]. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull ''[[Summis desiderantes affectibus]]'' (1484).
}}
{{pope list item
| 214<br />[[File:C o a Alessandro VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1492 papal conclave|11 August 1492]] –<br />18 August 1503<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1492|08|11|1503|08|18}})}}
| [[File:Pope Alexander Vi.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Sextus}}
| Roderic Llançol i [[House of Borgia|de Borja]]
| 1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon
| 61 / 72
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Valencia]] (and therefore subject to the monarch of the [[Crown of Aragon]]). Spanish (Valencian); Nephew of Callixtus III; father to [[Cesare Borgia]] and [[Lucrezia Borgia]]. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull ''[[Inter caetera]]'' (1493). Considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate
}}
{{pope list end}}

====16th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 16th century}}
{{pope list item
| 215<br />[[File:C o a Pio II.svg|40px]]
| [[September 1503 papal conclave|22 September 1503]] –<br />18 October 1503<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1503|09|22|1503|10|18}})}}
| [[File:PiusIII.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius III|Pius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Tertius}}
| Francesco Todeschini [[Piccolomini]]
| 29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena, Holy Roman Empire
| 64 / 64
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Siena]]. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the [[Siena Cathedral]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 216<br />[[File:CoA della Rovere popes.svg|40px]]
| [[October 1503 papal conclave|31 October 1503]] –<br />21 February 1513<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1503|10|31|1513|02|21}})}}
| [[File:Pope Julius II.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Julius II|Julius II]]'''<br />{{small|'''IVLIVS''' Secundus}}
| Giuliano [[della Rovere]], [[Order of Friars Minor|O.F.M.]]
| 5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
| 59 / 69
| Born as a citizen of the [[Republic of Genoa]]. Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' or the 'Fearsome Pope'. Nephew of [[Pope Sixtus IV|Sixtus IV]]; convened the [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] (1512). Took control of all the [[Papal States]] for the first time. Became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Established the [[Vatican Museums]] and initiated the rebuilding of the [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. The same year he organized the famous [[Swiss Guard]] for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World as he ratified the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]], establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the catholicization of [[Latin America]]. In 1508, he commissioned the [[Raphael Rooms]] and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel.

Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica.
}}
{{pope list item
| 217<br />[[File:Medici popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1513 papal conclave|9 March 1513]] –<br />1 December 1521<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1513|03|09|1521|12|01}})}}
| [[File:Raffael 040 (crop).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Leo X|Leo X]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Decimus}}
| Giovanni di Lorenzo de' [[Medici]]
| 11 December 1475 Florence, [[Republic of Florence]], Holy Roman Empire
| 37 / 45
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Florence]]. Son of [[Lorenzo the Magnificent]]. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting [[indulgences]] to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated [[Martin Luther]] (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganized the [[Roman University]], and promoted the study of literature, poetry and antiquities. The last pope to not have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
}}
{{pope list item
| 218<br />[[File:C o a Adriano VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1521–1522 papal conclave|9 January 1522]] –<br />14 September 1523<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1522|01|09|1523|09|14}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Adrian VI (by Jan van Scorel).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Sextus}}
| Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens
| 2 March 1459 Utrecht, [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Bishopric of Utrecht]], [[Holy Roman Empire]] (now [[Netherlands]])
| 62 / 64
| Motto: {{lang|la|Patere et sustine}} {{small|("Respect and wait")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/AR6.htm |title=Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162435/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/AR6.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Born as a subject of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Bishopric of Utrecht]]. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] in 1978. Tutor of [[Emperor Charles V]]. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg.

His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.
}}
{{pope list item
| 219<br />[[File:Medici popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1523 papal conclave|26 November 1523]] –<br />25 September 1534<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1523|11|26|1534|09|25}})}}
| [[File:Sebastiano del Piombo (Italian) - Pope Clement VII - Google Art Project.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Septimus}}
| Giulio di Giuliano de' [[Medici]]
| 26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence, Holy Roman Empire
| 45 / 56
| Motto: {{lang|la|Candor illæsus}} {{small|("Unharmed candor")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C07.htm |title=Pope Clement VII (1523–1534) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162253/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C07.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Citizen of the [[Republic of Florence]]. Cousin of Leo X. Rome [[Sack of Rome (1527)|sacked]] by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]; crowned Charles V as emperor at [[Bologna]] (1530). Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of ''[[The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)|The Last Judgment]]'' in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved [[Copernicus]]' [[Copernican heliocentrism|heliocentric universe theory]] (1533). However Copernicus made very few astronomical observations and based his new model squarely on his mathematical calculations. Natural philosophers of that time (professionals who began to be called scientists only in the 19th century) noted that if the earth rotated there would be observable Coriolis effects. Secondly, a revolving earth would imply a stellar parallax. Given that neither of these effects were observed at the time (would be observed decades later) , Corpenico's model still did not proved heliocentrism.

The [[Catherine de' Medici|niece]] of the pope was married to the future [[Henry II of France]] (1533). Recognized the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin]] (Capuchins).
}}
{{pope list item
| 220<br />[[File:C o a Paulo III.svg|40px]]
| [[1534 papal conclave|13 October 1534]] –<br />10 November 1549<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1534|10|13|1549|11|10}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Paul III Farnese (by Titian) - National Museum of Capodimonte.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Paul III|Paul III]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Tertius}}
| Alessandro [[House of Farnese|Farnese]]
| 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States
| 66 / 81
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Opened the [[Council of Trent]] (1545). His illegitimate son became the first [[duke of Parma]]. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King [[Henry VIII of England]]. Appointed [[Michelangelo]] to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546). Recognized the Order of the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits).
}}
{{pope list item
| 221<br />[[File:C o a Giulio III.svg|40px]]
| [[1549–1550 papal conclave|7 February 1550]] –<br />29 March 1555<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1550|02|07|1555|03|29}})}}
| [[File:Girolamo Sicciolante - Paus Julius III.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Julius III|Julius III]]'''<br />{{small|'''IVLIVS''' Tertius}}
| Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte
| 10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
| 62 / 67
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Established the ''{{lang|la|[[Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum|Collegium Germanicum]]}}'' (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. [[Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte|The Innocenzo Scandal]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 222<br />[[File:C o a Marcello II.svg|40px]]
| [[April 1555 papal conclave|9 April 1555]] –<br />1 May 1555<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1555|04|09|1555|05|01}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Marcellus II Cervini (Vatican Museums - Musei Vaticani, Vatican).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Marcellus II|Marcellus II]]'''<br />{{small|'''MARCELLVS''' Secundus}}
| Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi
| 6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States
| 53 / 53
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. The last to use his birth name as the [[regnal name]]. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The ''[[Missa Papae Marcelli]]'' composed in his honour.
}}
{{pope list item
| 223<br />[[File:C o a Paulo IV.svg|40px]]
| [[May 1555 papal conclave|23 May 1555]] –<br />18 August 1559<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1555|05|23|1559|08|18}})}}
|[[File:Pope Paul IV – Jacopino Conte (Manner), ca. 1560.jpg|Pope_Paul_IV_–_Jacopino_Conte_(Manner),_ca._1560|80px]]| '''[[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Quartus}}
| Giovanni Pietro [[House of Carafa|Carafa]], [[Theatines|C.R.]]
| 28 June 1476 [[Capriglia Irpina]], [[Campania]], Kingdom of Naples
| 78 / 83
| Motto: {{lang|la|Dominus mihi adjutor}} {{small|("The Lord is my helper")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL4.htm |title=Pope Paul IV (1555–1559) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162412/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL4.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. Member of the [[Theatines]]. Established the [[Roman Ghetto]] in ''[[Cum Nimis Absurdum]]'' (1555) and established the [[Index of Forbidden Books]]. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of ''The Last Judgment'' modestly.
}}
{{pope list item
| 224<br />[[File:Medici popes.svg|40px]]
| [[1559 papal conclave|26 December 1559]] –<br />9 December 1565<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1559|12|26|1565|12|09}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Pius IV, three-quarter-length, seated at a draped table (Circle of Scipione Pulzone).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius IV|Pius IV]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Quartus}}
| Giovanni Angelo [[Medici]]
| 31 March 1499 Milan, [[Duchy of Milan]], Holy Roman Empire
| 60 / 66
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. Reopened and closed the [[Council of Trent]]. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the [[Profession of faith (Catholic Church)|Tridentine Creed]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 225<br />[[File:C o a Pio V.svg|40px]]
| [[1565–1566 papal conclave|7 January 1566]] –<br />1 May 1572<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1566|01|07|1572|05|01}})}}
| [[File:El Greco 050.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Pius V|Pius V]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Quintus}}
| Antonio Ghislieri, [[Dominican Order|O.P.]]
| 17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire
| 61 / 68
| Motto: {{lang|la|Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas}} {{small|("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping thy statutes")}}
Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. Member of the [[Dominican Order]]. Excommunicated Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] (1570). [[Battle of Lepanto]] (1571); instituted the feast of [[Our Lady of Victory]]. Issued the [[Tridentine Mass|1570 Roman Missal]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 226<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio XIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1572 papal conclave|13 May 1572]] –<br />10 April 1585<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1572|05|13|1585|04|10}})}}
| [[File:Pope Gregory XIII portrait.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XIII|Gregory XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Ugo [[Boncompagni]]
| 7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
| 70 / 83
| Motto: {{lang|la|Aperuit et clausit}} {{small|("Opened and closed")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/G13.htm |title=Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810190505/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/G13.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. [[Gregorian calendar|Reformed the calendar]] (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the [[Immaculate Conception]] as patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull ''Ilius Fulti Præsido'' (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.
}}
{{pope list item
| 227<br />[[File:C o a Sisto V.svg|40px]]
| [[1585 papal conclave|24 April 1585]] –<br />27 August 1590<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1585|04|24|1590|08|27}})}}
| [[File:Sixtus V.PNG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Sixtus V|Sixtus V]]'''<br />{{small|'''SYXTVS''' Quintus}}
| Felice Peretti di Montalto, [[Conventual Franciscans|O.F.M. Conv.]]
| 13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States
| 63 / 68
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Conventual Franciscans|Conventual Franciscan Order]]. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the [[College of Cardinals]] to 70 in number; doubled the number of [[Roman Curia|curial congregations]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 228<br />[[File:C o a Urbano VII.svg|40px]]
| [[September 1590 papal conclave|15 September 1590]] –<br />27 September 1590<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1590|09|15|1590|09|27}})}}
| [[File:Papa Urbano VII (Pope Urban VII).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban VII|Urban VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Septimus}}
| Giovanni Battista Castagna
| 4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
| 69 / 69
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
}}
{{pope list item
| 229<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio XIV.svg|40px]]
| [[October–December 1590 papal conclave|5 December 1590]] –<br />16 October 1591<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1590|12|05|1591|10|16}})}}
| [[File:GregorioPPXVI.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XIV|Gregory XIV]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Quartus Decimus}}
| Niccolò Sfondrati
| 11 February 1535 [[Somma Lombardo]], Lombardy, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire
| 55 / 56
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. Modified the constitution ''Effraenatam'' of [[Pope Sixtus V|Sixtus V]] so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made [[gambling on papal elections]] punishable by excommunication.
}}
{{pope list item
| 230<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo IX.svg|40px]]
| [[1591 papal conclave|29 October 1591]] –<br />30 December 1591<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1591|10|29|1591|12|30}})}}
| [[File:Innocent9.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent IX|Innocent IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Nonus}}
| Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti
| 20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
| 72 / 72
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Supported the cause of King [[Philip II of Spain]] and the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]] against King [[Henry IV of France]] in the [[French Wars of Religion]]. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
}}
{{pope list item
| 231<br />[[File:C o a Clemente VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1592 papal conclave|30 January 1592]] –<br />3 March 1605<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1592|01|30|1605|03|03}})}}
| [[File:Papst Clemens VIII Italian 17th century.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Octavus}}
| Ippolito [[Aldobrandini family|Aldobrandini]]
| 24 February 1536 [[Fano]], Marche, Papal States
| 55 / 69
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as [[Long War (1591–1606)|The Long War]] (1595). Convened the [[Congregatio de Auxiliis]] which addressed doctrinal disputes between the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] and [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] regarding free will and divine grace.<ref name="Blunt1874">{{cite book |author=John Henry Blunt|author-link=John Henry Blunt |title=Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-gCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA234|access-date=11 August 2012 |year=1874 |publisher=Rivingtons |pages=234–240 |chapter=Jansenists|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310122948/https://books.google.com/books?id=z-gCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA234#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list end}}

====17th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 17th century}}
{{pope list item
| 232<br />[[File:Medici popes.svg|40px]]
| [[March–April 1605 papal conclave|1 April 1605]] –<br />27 April 1605<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|04|01|1605|04|27}})}}
| [[File:Leo XI 2.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Leo XI|Leo XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Undecimus}}
| Alessandro Ottaviano de' [[Medici]]
| 2 June 1535 Florence, [[Duchy of Florence]], Holy Roman Empire
| 69 / 69
| Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Florence]]. The great-nephew of [[Leo X]]. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
}}
{{pope list item
| 233<br />[[File:C o a Paulo V.svg|40px]]
| [[May 1605 papal conclave|16 May 1605]] –<br />28 January 1621<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|05|16|1621|01|28}})}}
| [[File:Pope Paul V.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Quintus}}
| Camillo [[Borghese]]
| 17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
| 52 / 68
| Motto: {{lang|la|Absit nisi in te gloriari}} {{small|("May it be absent, except to glory in you")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm |title=Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011155/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Known for various building projects which included the facade of [[St Peter's Basilica]]. Established the [[Bank of the Holy Spirit]] (1605); restored the [[Aqua Traiana]].

During his pontificate [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]]'s scientific contributions caused difficulties for theologians and natural philosophers of the time, as they contradicted scientific and philosophical ideas based on those of [[Aristotle]] and [[Ptolemy]] and closely associated with the Catholic Church at that time.

Not all Catholic priests at the time were against Galileo's discoveries. [[Christoph Grienberger]], one of the Jesuit scholars, was sympathetic to Galileo's theories, but was invited to defend the Aristotelian point of view by [[Claudio Acquaviva]], the Jesuits' Father General.

Not all scientists at the time supported Galileo. Opposition from [[Tycho Brahe]] and others arose from the fact that, if heliocentrism were true, an annual stellar parallax should be observed, although no such evidence existed at the time. (Only in 1838 was [[Friedrich Bessel]] able to accurately observe it.) Galileo's arguments – based on sunspots and the action of tides – were flawed and were refuted and rejected by other scholars at the time.
}}
{{pope list item
| 234<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio XV.svg|40px]]
| [[1621 papal conclave|9 February 1621]] –<br />8 July 1623<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1621|02|09|1623|07|08}})}}
| [[File:Pope Gregory XV.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Quintus Decimus}}
| Alessandro [[Ludovisi (family)|Ludovisi]]
| 9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
| 67 / 69
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Established the [[Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]] (1622). Issued the bull ''Aeterni Patris'' (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution ''Omnipotentis Dei'' against magicians and witches (1623).
}}
{{pope list item
| 235<br />[[File:C o a Urbanus VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1623 papal conclave|6 August 1623]] –<br />29 July 1644<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1623|08|06|1644|07|29}})}}
| [[File:Gian Lorenzo Bernini - Portrait d'Urbain VIII.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Octavus}}
| Maffeo [[Barberini]]
| 5 April 1568 Florence, [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 55 / 76
| Born as a subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Trial against [[Galileo Galilei]]. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
}}
{{pope list item
| 236<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo X.svg|40px]]
| [[1644 papal conclave|15 September 1644]] –<br />7 January 1655<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1644|09|15|1655|01|07}})}}
| [[File:Retrato del Papa Inocencio X. Roma, by Diego Velázquez.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent X|Innocent X]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Decimus}}
| Giovanni Battista [[Pamphilj]]
| 6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
| 70 / 80
| Motto: {{lang|la|Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram}} {{small|("Water on earth")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm |title=Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810190631/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. The great-great-great-grandson of [[Alexander VI]]. Erected the [[Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi]] in [[Piazza Navona]]. Promulgated the apostolic constitution ''[[Cum occasione]]'' (1653) which condemned five doctrines of [[Jansenism]] as [[heresy]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 237<br />[[File:C o a Alessandro VII.svg|40px]]
| [[1655 papal conclave|7 April 1655]] –<br />22 May 1667<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1655|04|07|1667|05|22}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Alexander VII Chigi (by Giovanni Battista Gaulli - Baciccio).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Septimus}}
| Fabio [[House of Chigi|Chigi]]
| 13 February 1599 Siena, [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], Holy Roman Empire
| 56 / 68
| Born as a subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Great-nephew of [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]. Commissioned [[St. Peter's Square]]. Issued the constitution ''Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum'' that set the doctrine of the [[Immaculate Conception]] almost identical to that of [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] centuries later.
}}
{{pope list item
| 238<br />[[File:C o a Clemente IX.svg|40px]]
| [[1667 papal conclave|20 June 1667]] –<br />9 December 1669<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1667|06|20|1669|12|09}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement IX, by Carlo Maratti (or Maratta) - Hermitage Museum.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement IX|Clement IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Nonus}}
| Giulio [[Rospigliosi family|Rospigliosi]]
| 28 January 1600 [[Pistoia]], Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire
| 67 / 69
| Motto: {{lang|la|Aliis non sibi Clemens}} {{small|("Clement to others, not to himself")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm |title=Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810191031/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Born as a subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Mediated in the [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)|peace of Aachen]] (1668).
}}
{{pope list item
| 239<br />[[File:C o a Clemente X.svg|40px]]
| [[1669–1670 papal conclave|29 April 1670]] –<br />22 July 1676<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1670|04|29|1676|07|22}})}}
| [[File:Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Il Baciccio) - Pope Clement X (1590–1676) - 2017.422 - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement X|Clement X]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Decimus}}
| Emilio Bonaventura [[Altieri family|Altieri]]
| 13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
| 79 / 86
| Motto: {{lang|la|Bonum auget malum minuit}} {{small|("He increases good and diminishes evil")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm |title=Pope Clement X (1670–1676)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810205235/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. [[Rose of Lima]] (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and added one of the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.
}}
{{pope list item
| 240<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1676 papal conclave|21 September 1676]] –<br />12 August 1689<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1676|09|21|1689|08|12}})}}
| [[File:Jacob Ferdinand Voet - Portrait of Innocenzo XI Odescalchi (cropped).jpeg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Innocent XI|Innocent XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Undecimus}}
| Benedetto [[Erba-Odescalchi|Odescalchi]]
| 16 May 1611 [[Como]], [[Lombardy]], Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire
| 65 / 78
| Motto: {{lang|la|Avarus non Implebitur}} {{small|("The covetous man is not satisfied")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm |title=Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810210610/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Born as a subject of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. Condemned the [[doctrine of mental reservation]] (1679) and initiated the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]]. Extended the [[Holy Name of Mary]] as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis. During his pontificate [[Isaac Newton]] published the [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], which placed heliocentrism on a firm theoretical foundation.
}}
{{pope list item
| 241<br />[[File:C o a Alessandro VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1689 papal conclave|6 October 1689]] –<br />1 February 1691<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1689|10|06|1691|02|01}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Alexander VIII – Roman School of 17th Century – (unframed).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander VIII|Alexander VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Octavus}}
| Pietro Vito [[Ottoboni family|Ottoboni]]
| 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice
| 79 / 80
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Condemned the so-called [[philosophical sin]] (1690).
}}
{{pope list item
| 242<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1691 papal conclave|12 July 1691]] –<br />27 September 1700<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1691|07|12|1700|09|27}})}}
| [[File:Pope Innocent XII.PNG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent XII|Innocent XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Antonio [[House of Pignatelli|Pignatelli]], [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S]]
| 13 March 1615 [[Spinazzola]], [[Apulia]], Kingdom of Naples
| 76 / 85
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. Issued the bull ''[[Romanum decet Pontificem]]'' to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====18th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 18th century}}
{{pope list item
| 243<br />[[File:C o a Clemente XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1700 papal conclave|23 November 1700]] –<br />19 March 1721<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1700|11|23|1721|03|19}})}}
| [[File:Ritratto di Clemente XI.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Undecimus}}
| Giovanni Francesco Albani
| 23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States
| 51 / 71
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. The [[Chinese Rites controversy]]. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the [[Roman catacombs]] and made the feast of the [[Immaculate Conception]] universal. The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718 when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemned ''Dialogue'') in Florence.<ref name="Papal Timeline" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Heilbron |first=John L. |contribution=Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo |editor-first=Ernan |editor-last=McMullin |title=The Church and Galileo |date=2005 |publisher=University of Notre Dame Press |isbn=978-0-268-03483-2 |page=299}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item
| 244<br />[[File:C o a Innocenzo XIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1721 papal conclave|8 May 1721]] –<br />7 March 1724<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1721|05|08|1724|03|07}})}}
|[[File:InnocientXIII.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent XIII|Innocent XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Michelangelo dei [[Conti]]
| 13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States
| 65 / 68
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Prohibited the [[Jesuits]] from prosecuting their mission in [[China]] ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull ''[[Apostolici Ministerii]]'' (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline in [[Spain]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 245<br />[[File:C o a Benedetto XIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1724 papal conclave|29 May 1724]] –<br />21 February 1730<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1724|05|29|1730|02|21}})}}
| [[File:Benedetto XIII.jpg|80px]]
| [[Servant of God]] '''[[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Pietro Francesco [[Orsini]], [[Dominican Order|O.P.]]
| 2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, [[Bari]], [[Kingdom of Naples]]
| 75 / 81
| Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. Member of the [[Dominican Order]]; third and last member of the [[Orsini family]] to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the [[Antipope Benedict XIII|antipope]] but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide [[tobacco]] smoking ban set by [[Urban VII]] and [[Urban VIII]]. During his pontificate [[James Bradley]] discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
}}
{{pope list item
| 246<br />[[File:C o a Clemente XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1730 papal conclave|12 July 1730]] –<br />6 February 1740<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1730|07|12|1740|02|06}})}}
| [[File:Agostino Masucci – Portrait of Pope Clement XII, seated.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Duodecimus}}
| Lorenzo [[Corsini family|Corsini]], [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S]]
| 7 April 1652 [[Florence]], [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
| 78 / 87
| Motto: {{lang|la|Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum}} {{small|("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C12.htm |title=Pope Clement XII (1730–1740) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810191031/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C12.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Born as a subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Completed the new façade of the [[Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran]] (1735). Commissioned the [[Trevi Fountain]] in Rome (1732). Condemned [[Freemasonry]] in ''[[In eminenti apostolatus]]'' (1738).
}}
{{pope list item
| 247<br />[[File:C o a Benedetto XIV.svg|40px]]
| [[1740 papal conclave|17 August 1740]] –<br />3 May 1758<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1740|08|17|1758|05|03}})}}
| [[File:Benoit XIV.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Benedict XIV|Benedict XIV]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Quartus Decimus}}
| Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini
| 31 March 1675 [[Bologna]], [[Papal States]]
| 65 / 83
| Motto: {{lang|la|Curabuntur omnes}} {{small|("All will be healed")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/B14.htm |title=Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023657/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/B14.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Reformed the education of [[priests]] and the [[Calendar of Saints|calendar of feasts]]. Completed the [[Trevi Fountain]] and affirmed the teachings of [[Thomas Aquinas]]; founded academies of art, religion and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works which included a mildly censored version of the ''Dialogue''.
}}
{{pope list item
| 248<br />[[File:C o a Clemente XIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1758 papal conclave|6 July 1758]] –<br />2 February 1769<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1758|07|06|1769|02|02}})}}
| [[File:Anton Raphael Mengs (1728-1779) - Portret van paus Clemens XIII (1758) - Bologna Pinacoteca Nazionale - 26-04-2012 9-53-03.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement XIII|Clement XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico
| 7 March 1693 Venice, [[Republic of Venice]]
| 65 / 75
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the [[Society of Jesus]] in ''"[[Apostolicum pascendi]]"'' (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of prohibited books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of the ''Dialogue'' and Copernicus's ''De Revolutionibus'' remained.
}}
{{pope list item
| 249<br />[[File:C o a Clemente XIV.svg|40px]]
| [[1769 papal conclave|19 May 1769]] –<br />22 September 1774<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1769|05|19|1774|09|22}})}}
| [[File:Clement XIV.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement XIV|Clement XIV]]'''<br />{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Quartus Decimus}}
| Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, [[Conventual Franciscans|O.F.M. Conv.]]
| 31 October 1705 [[Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna|Sant'<br />Arcangelo di Romagna]], [[Papal States]]
| 63 / 68
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Conventual Franciscans|Conventual Franciscan Order]]. Suppressed the [[Society of Jesus]] in the brief ''"[[Dominus ac Redemptor]]"'' (1773).
}}
{{pope list item
| 250<br />[[File:C o a Pio VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1774–1775 papal conclave|15 February 1775]] –<br />29 August 1799<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1775|02|15|1799|08|29}})}}
| [[File:Pompeo Batoni - Ritratto di Papa Pio VI (National Gallery of Ireland).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius VI|Pius VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Sextus}}
| Count Giovanni Angelo [[Braschi family|Braschi]]
| 25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
| 57 / 81
| Motto: {{lang|la|Floret in domo domini}} {{small|("It blossoms in the house of God")}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The Wind was too Strong |url=http://romeartlover.tripod.com/PiusVI.html |publisher=Rome Art Lover|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005642/http://romeartlover.tripod.com/PiusVI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Condemned the [[French Revolution]]; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of [[Renaissance]] art.

During his pontificate, the astronomer [[William Herschel]], studying the movement of stars, was the first to realize that the [[Solar System]] is moving in space, and determined the approximate direction of movement. Also discovered that the [[Milky Way]] (which in the late 18th century was believed to be the entire Universe) is flat, disk-shaped and with the Sun at its center (assertion discovered to be wrong decades later, because today it is known that the Sun is not located in the [[Galactic Center]]).
}}
{{pope list item
| interregnum=yes
| 29 August 1799 –<br />14 March 1800<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1799|08|29|1800|03|14}})}}
| Six-month [[1799–1800 papal conclave|period]] without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====19th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 19th century}}
{{pope list item
| 251<br />[[File:C o a Pio VII.svg|40px]]
| [[1799–1800 papal conclave|14 March 1800]] –<br />20 August 1823<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1800|03|14|1823|08|20}})}}
| [[File:Jacques-Louis David 018.jpg|80px]]
| [[Servant of God]] '''[[Pope Pius VII|Pius VII]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Septimus}}
| Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| 14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
| 57 / 81
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]]. Present at [[Napoleon]]'s coronation as [[emperor of the French]]. Expelled from the [[Papal States]] by the French between 1809 and 1814.
}}
{{pope list item
| 252<br />[[File:C o a Leone XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1823 papal conclave|28 September 1823]] –<br />10 February 1829<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1823|09|28|1829|02|10}})}}
| [[File:Pope Leo XII.PNG|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Leo XII|Leo XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Duodecimus}}
| Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga
| 22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States
| 63 / 68
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through ''[[Quod divina sapientia]]'' (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.
}}
{{pope list item
| 253<br />[[File:C o a Pio VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1829 papal conclave|31 March 1829]] –<br />30 November 1830<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1829|03|31|1830|11|30}})}}
| [[File:Clemente Alberi – Ritratto di papa Pio VIII (c. 1830).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius VIII|Pius VIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Octavus}}
| Francesco Saverio Castiglioni
| 20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States
| 67 / 69
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Accepted [[Louis Philippe I]] as [[king of the French]]. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief ''Litteris altero'' (1830).
}}
{{pope list item
| 254<br />[[File:C o a Gregorio XVI.svg|40px]]
| [[1830–1831 papal conclave|2 February 1831]] –<br />1 June 1846<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1831|02|02|1846|06|01}})}}
| [[File:Gregory XVI.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XVI|Gregory XVI]]'''<br />{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Sextus Decimus}}
| Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, [[Camaldolese|O.S.B. Cam.]]
| 18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice
| 65 / 80
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Member of the [[Camaldolese]]; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of official opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835 when the uncensored versions of ''Dialogue'' and ''De Revolutionibus'' were finally dropped from the Index.
}}
{{pope list item
| 255<br />[[File:Pio Nono.svg|40px]]
| [[1846 papal conclave|16 June 1846]] –<br />7 February 1878<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1846|06|16|1878|02|07}})}}| [[File:Popepiusix.jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Nonus}}
| Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S.]]
| 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States
| 54 / 85
| Subject and later the last sovereign of the [[Papal States]], becoming an Italian citizen. Opened the [[First Vatican Council]]; lost the [[Papal States]] to Italy. Defined the dogma of the [[Immaculate Conception]] and defined [[papal infallibility]]. Issued the controversial [[Syllabus of Errors]]. Longest-serving pope since [[Saint Peter|Peter]] (c. AD 30–64).

During his pontificate, Augustinian friar [[Gregor Mendel]] published the [[Experiments on Plant Hybridization]] and [[Charles Darwin]] published [[On the Origin of Species]]. At the time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species.<ref>Harrison, especially Conclusion section 2</ref>

Even before the development of the [[scientific method]], Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0043.htm |title=Catholic Education Resource Center|access-date=7 August 2023|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113053619/https://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0043.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1988/PSCF3-88Young.html |title=The Contemporary Relevance of Augustine |access-date=7 August 2023|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712161455/https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1988/PSCF3-88Young.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list item
| 256<br />[[File:C o a Leone XIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1878 papal conclave|20 February 1878]] –<br />20 July 1903<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1878|02|20|1903|07|20}})}}
| [[File:Papa Leone XIII (1898).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Leo XIII|Leo XIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''LEO''' Tertius Decimus}}
| Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, [[Secular Franciscan Order|O.F.S.]]
| 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, [[First French Empire|French Empire]]
| 67 / 93
| Motto: {{lang|la|Lumen in coelo}} {{small|("Light in Heaven")}}<br /> Born as a French citizen, of Italian ethnicity, later became a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclical ''[[Rerum novarum]]''; supported [[Christian democracy]] against Communism. Had the third-longest reign after [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]], and [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]. Promoted the [[rosary and the scapular]] and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as [[mediatrix]].
First Pope to be [[Sua Santità papa Leone XIII|filmed by a motion picture camera]] and the first pope with voice recorded.
}}
{{pope list end}}

====20th century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 20th century}}
{{pope list item
| 257<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Pope Pius X.svg|40px]]
| [[1903 papal conclave|4 August 1903]] –<br />20 August 1914<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1903|08|04|1914|08|20}})}}
| [[File:His Holiness Pope St. Pius X – edited.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Pius X|Pius X]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Decimus}}
| Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
| 2 June 1835 [[Riese Pio X|Riese]], [[Treviso]], [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]]
| 68 / 79
| Motto: {{lang|la|Instaurare Omnia in Christo}} {{small|("Restore all things in Christ")}}
Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], later became an Italian citizen. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted [[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernism]]; issued the [[oath against Modernism|oath against it]]. Advocated the [[Gregorian Chant]] and [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|reformed the Roman Breviary]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 258<br />[[File:CoA Benedetto XV.svg|40px]]
| [[1914 papal conclave|3 September 1914]] –<br />22 January 1922<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1914|09|03|1922|01|22}})}}
| [[File:Benedictus XV, by Nicola Perscheid, 1915 (retouched).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Benedict XV|Benedict XV]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Quintus Decimus}}
| Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa
| 21 November 1854 [[Pegli]], [[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]
| 59 / 67
| Motto: {{lang|la|In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum.}} {{small|("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.")}}
Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], later became an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the [[1917 Code of Canon Law]]; supported the missionaries in ''[[Maximum illud]]''. Remembered by [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] as a "prophet of peace".
}}
{{pope list item
| 259<br />[[File:C o a Pio XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1922 papal conclave|6 February 1922]] –<br />10 February 1939<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1922|02|06|1939|02|10}})}}
| [[File:Pius XI, by Nicola Perscheid (retouched).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Pius XI|Pius XI]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Undecimus}}
| Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti
| 31 May 1857 [[Desio]], [[Milan]], Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
| 64 / 81
| Motto: {{lang|la|Pax Christi in Regno Christi}} {{small|("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")}}
Born as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]], later became an Italian citizen. Signed the [[Lateran Treaty]] with Italy (1929) establishing [[Vatican City]] as a sovereign state. Inaugurated [[Vatican Radio]] (1931). Re-founded the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] (1936). Created the feast of [[Christ the King]]. Opposed [[Communism]] and [[Nazism]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 260<br />[[File:Pius 12 coa.svg|40px]]
| [[1939 papal conclave|2 March 1939]] –<br />9 October 1958<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1939|03|02|1958|10|09}})}}
| [[File:Pius XII with tabard, by Michael Pitcairn, 1951.png|80px]]
| [[Venerable#Roman Catholic|Ven]]. '''[[Pope Pius XII|Pius XII]]'''<br />{{small|'''PIVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
| 2 March 1876 [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| 63 / 82
| Motto: {{lang|la|Opus Justitiae Pax}} {{small|("The work of justice [shall be] peace")}}
Italian citizen. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical ''[[Munificentissimus Deus]]''; defined the dogma of the [[Assumption of Mary|Assumption]]. Eliminated the Italian majority of [[College of Cardinals|cardinals]]. Credited with intervening for peace during [[World War II]]; controversial for [[Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust|his reactions]] to the [[Holocaust]]. Published the ''[[Humani generis]]'', the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and took up a neutral position, concentrating on human evolution:

"The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter.<ref>Pius XII, [https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html encyclical ''Humani generis''] 36 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419021937/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html |date=April 19, 2012 }}</ref>"
}}
{{pope list item
| 261<br />[[File:C o a John XXIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1958 papal conclave|28 October 1958]] –<br />3 June 1963<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1958|10|28|1963|06|03}})}}
| [[File:Ioannes XXIII, by De Agostini, 1958–1963.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES''' Vicesimus Tertius}}
| Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
| 25 November 1881 [[Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII|Sotto il Monte]], [[Bergamo]], Italy
| 76 / 81
| Motto: {{lang|la|Obedientia et Pax}} {{small|("Obedience and peace")}}
Italian citizen. Opened the [[Second Vatican Council]]; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical ''[[Pacem in terris]]'' (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] (1962).
}}
{{pope list item
| 262<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Pope Paul VI.svg|40px]]
| [[1963 papal conclave|21 June 1963]] –<br />6 August 1978<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1963|06|21|1978|08|06}})}}
| [[File:Paulus VI, by Fotografia Felici, 1969.jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope Paul VI|Paul VI]]'''<br />{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Sextus}}
| Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
| 26 September 1897 [[Concesio]], [[Brescia]], Italy
| 65 / 80
| Motto: {{lang|la|Cum Ipso in Monte}} {{small|("With Him on the mount")}}
Italian citizen. Last pope to be [[papal coronation|crowned]]. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the [[Second Vatican Council]]. Issued the encyclical ''[[Humanae vitae]]'' (1968) condemning artificial contraception. [[Mass of Paul VI|Revised]] the [[Roman Missal]] (1969).
}}
{{pope list item
| 263<br />[[File:C o a John Paul I.svg|40px]]
| [[August 1978 papal conclave|26 August 1978]] –<br />28 September 1978<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|08|26|1978|09|28}})}}
| [[File:Ioannes Paulus I, by Fotografia Felici, 1978 (cropped).jpg|80px]]| Bl. '''[[Pope John Paul I|John Paul I]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES PAVLVS''' Primus}}
| Albino Luciani
| 17 October 1912 [[Canale d'Agordo|Forno di Canale]], [[Belluno]], Italy
| 65 / 65
| Motto: {{lang|la|Humilitas}} {{small|("Humility")}}
Italian citizen. Abolished the coronation and opted for the [[papal inauguration]]. First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the [[sedia gestatoria]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 264<br />[[File:John paul 2 coa.svg|40px]]
| [[October 1978 papal conclave|16 October 1978]] –<br />[[Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II|2 April 2005]]<br />{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|10|16|2005|04|02}})}}
| [[File:ADAMELLO - PAPA - Giovanni Paolo II - panoramio (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''St [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]'''<br />{{small|'''IOANNES PAVLVS''' Secundus}}
| Karol Józef Wojtyła
| 18 May 1920 [[Wadowice]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| 58 / 84
| Motto: {{lang|la|[[Totus Tuus]]}} {{small|("Totally yours")}}
Polish citizen, first pope of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] (1522–1523). Travelled extensively, [[List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy|visiting 129 countries]] during his pontificate. Second-longest reign after [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]]. Founded [[World Youth Day]] (1984) and the [[Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences]] (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).
}}
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|-
{{pope list end}}

===3rd millennium===

====21st century====

{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 21st century}}
{{pope list item
|265<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of Benedictus XVI.svg|40px|alt=Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI]]
| [[2005 papal conclave|19 April 2005]] –<br />[[Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI|28 February 2013]]<br />{{small|({{age in years and days|2005|4|19|2013|2|28}})}}
|[[File:Benedicto XVI, 2011.jpg|80px|alt=Photograph of Pope Benedict XVI]]
| '''[[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]'''<br />{{small|'''BENEDICTVS''' Sextus Decimus}}
| Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
| 16 April 1927<br />[[Marktl]], Bavaria, [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
|78 / 85 (†95)
| Motto: {{lang|la|Cooperatores Veritatis}} {{small|("Cooperators of the truth")}}
German citizen. Oldest to become pope since [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] (1730). [[Summorum Pontificum|Elevated]] the [[Tridentine Mass]] to a more prominent position and promoted the use of [[Latin]]; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Authorized the creation of [[Personal ordinariate|Anglican ordinariates]] (2009). First pope to [[Papal renunciation|renounce the papacy]] on his own initiative since [[Pope Celestine V|Celestine V]] (1294),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/11/benedict-placehold-pope-weakened-church |title=Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church |work=The Guardian |date=11 February 2013 | access-date=12 February 2013 |author=Brown, Andrew | archive-date=1 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301180614/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/feb/11/benedict-placehold-pope-weakened-church | url-status=live}}</ref> becoming [[pope emeritus]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |last2=Povoledo |first2=Elisabetta |title=Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope Emeritus |work=The New York Times |date=27 February 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/27/world/europe/benedict-xvi-to-keep-his-name-and-become-pope-emeritus.html|access-date=27 February 2017|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162208/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/27/world/europe/benedict-xvi-to-keep-his-name-and-become-pope-emeritus.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}} Longest-lived pope on record. [[Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI|Died on 31 December 2022]], in Vatican.<ref>{{cite news |title=The 95-year-old Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI passed away at the Vatican's Mater Ecclesiae Monastery |work=Vatican News |date=31 December 2022 |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2022-12/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-dies-aged-95.html|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=31 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231093857/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2022-12/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-dies-aged-95.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{pope list item
| 266<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Franciscus.svg|40px|alt=Coat of arms of Pope Francis]]
| [[2013 papal conclave|13 March 2013]] –<br />present<br />{{small|({{age in years and days|2013|3|13}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Francis (2021) FXD.jpg|80px|alt=Photograph of Pope Francis]]
| '''[[Pope Francis|Francis]]'''<br />{{small|'''FRANCISCVS'''}}
| Jorge Mario Bergoglio, [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]]
| {{birth date and age|df=yes|1936|12|17}} [[Flores, Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| 76
| Motto: {{lang|la|Miserando atque Eligendo}} {{small|("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by having mercy, by choosing him')}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scarisbrick |first1=Veronica |title=Pope Francis : "Miserando atque eligendo"... |url=http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-miserando-atque-eligendo|access-date=10 May 2015 |work=Vatican Radio |agency=Vatican Radio |publisher=The Holy See |date=22 March 2013|archive-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018143713/http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-miserando-atque-eligendo|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Argentine citizen. First pope to be born outside Europe since [[Pope Gregory III|Gregory III]] (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a [[Catholic religious order|religious institute]] since [[Pope Gregory XVI|Gregory XVI]] (1831–1846); first [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since [[Pope Lando|Lando]] (913–914). First pope to visit and celebrate a mass on the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/05/middleeast/uae-pope-visit-mass-intl/index.html |title=Pope Francis celebrates first papal mass in Arabian Peninsula |date=5 February 2019 | access-date=6 September 2022 | archive-date=15 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415065938/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/05/middleeast/uae-pope-visit-mass-intl/index.html | url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list end}}

<references />
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